Manuscripts

Below is an extensive annotated bibliography of the resources in our manuscript collection. These files include a wide variety of materials pertaining to the Indian school and contain some unique resources housed only at the Cumberland County Historical Society. Commencement or performance programs, correspondents about the school, oral histories, government reports, and student memory books and academic assignments are just some of the items in this collection. Because of the enormity of this list, we encourage using your “find in page” menu option to search for more specific interests. We thank Erika Richards for her tireless effort in compiling this precious research tool.

PI 1-1 Letter from W.P. Winneshiek to Mr. and Mrs. Ed. L. Whistler of Carlisle, Pa. May 5, 1937.
Former Carlisle student. Founder of Chief Winneshiek’s Indian Band. He is touring the country with a sixteen-piece band. There are three ex-Carlisle students in the band. Have been working steadily and plan to return and play at Carlisle. The reverse of the letter has a flyer that advertises the all-Indian band along with several others as part of an advertisement for Conn Band Instruments.

PI 1-1-1 Letter from Richard Henry Pratt to “The Carlisle Friends of the Indian School”. Feb 21, 1898.
Offers special opportunity to tour the school on days different from commencement so that people coming from farther away may have a better opportunity than before to attend the ceremonies. Suggests that this had not been offered in the past. A ticket is enclosed. A typed note at the top of this invitation suggests that the acknowledgment of the invitation was too late and so all the admission tickets are gone. Not sure if the ticket was enclosed why it was necessary to acknowledge the invitation.

PI 1-1-2 Letter from Richard Henry Pratt to J.A. Hefflefinger. June 17, 1904.
Letter on official school letterhead to Mr. Hefflefinger who apparently owns a business and sold $53.75 worth of goods to a Carlisle student. Pratt says that he should be punished for selling that much to an Indian and especially not to a student without Pratt’s permission. The student in question, Walter Komah, does not have enough money to pay the bill. Pratt comments on how quickly he spends his money and the school’s requirements on savings. Suggests that Mr. Hefflefinger get a lawyer to scare Walter.

PI 1-1-3 Letter from Wallace and Nellie R. Denny to Mr. Samuel M. Goodyear of Carlisle. January 12, 1934.
Discusses how school property was disposed when the school closed. The government property, including official records were sent to Washington, D.C. Movable property like pictures and trophies paid for from athletic funds were turned over to the Denny’s. Sets of the school publications were given to General Pratt, the Bosler Memorial Library, and the State Librarian in Harrisburg. Some other materials were also sent to the State Librarian in 1922 by the Denny’s after they consulted the Alumni president. The Denny’s show appreciation of the development of a Carlisle Room in connection with the Hamilton Library Association and believe that the school materials should be remanded to it. Because they were given control of the property by acting superintendent C.V. Peel they believe that the letter should be enough authority to have the materials in the State Library turned over.

PI 1-1-4 Letter from James N. Rule to Mr. Samuel M. Goodyear, February 2, 1934.
Mr. Rule apparently is speaking on the behalf of the State Library in Harrisburg telling Mr. Goodyear that the materials mentioned by the Denny’s will be turned over to him.

PI 1-1-4a and PI 1-1-7 Letter probably also from Charles G. Beetem to Mr. Samuel M. Goodyear, March 19, 1934.
Asks Mr. Goodyear that if he writes to the Denny’s to find out if they have a graduating class photograph for the year 1916 as it was missing when the library acquired the collection and is the only year missing from the entire collection from 1889 to 1918.

PI 1-1-4b Letter from Charles G. Beetem to Samuel M. Goodyear, January 28, 1935.
Asks for any letters Mr. Goodyear has from the Denny’s to preserve in the library as part of the Carlisle room.

PI 1-1-5 Invoice of Carlisle Indian School Materials received from the State Museum, March 14, 1934.
Record of class photographs, athletic trophies, cards with photographs and essays, photograph of the band, 2 photo albums, and one long photograph of the school. Materials given to Jacob M. Goodyear for use in the Cumberland county historical society.

PI 1-1-6 Itemized Report of the Indian Art and Museum Material Received from the State Museum, March 14, 1934.
Contains descriptions of all materials turned over to the Cumberland County Historical Society from the State Museum in Harrisburg. Includes a biographical note on Cornplanter of the Seneca tribe, a.k.a. Gyantwachia, a.k.a. John O’Ball. Includes floor plan of potential exhibit.

PI 1-1-8 Letter from Charles G. Beetem, archivist, to Samuel M. Goodyear, July 30, 1935.
Letter is written in regards to the display of the materials and the extensive work done by Beetem to make them presentable and accessible while still preserving their integrity. It also mentions the potential arrival of new materials, the challenges of accommodating them, and suggestions for doing so.

PI 1-1-8a Letter from Charles G. Beetem to Merkel Landis, treasurer, July 30, 1935.
Copy of the letter sent to Goodyear. Probably sent to treasurer because of money spent on repairs and equipment to house the collection.

PI 1-1-9 Letter from Charles G. Beetem to the President and Directors of the Hamilton Library and Historical Association of Cumberland County, August 10, 1935.
Discusses the donations of Mrs. Naomi (Pratt) Hawkins to the library. Discusses the value of the donations and the necessity that the materials be displayed as they had been in storage and Mrs. Hawkins had agreed to part with them so that they could be of use to people. Makes the suggestions that publications be halted for a year to provide the funds for a small building in which to house the Indian school materials.

PI 1-1-10 Abstract from Mrs. Hawkins’ letter to Mr. Goodyear Describing donated articles, September 3, 1935.
Describes what must be donations to the library. They are Indian artifacts not related to the school directly except for part of Pratt’s uniform and a basket fragment.

PI 1-1-11 Letter from Charles G. Beetem to Mr. Goodyear, September 7, 1935.
Letter regarding the donations of Mrs. Hawkins. Suggestion that important communications be kept on file. Suggestion that a small annex be built to house collection. Mention of one of the articles Mrs. Hawkins listed (Cache blades, Chert by Algonquins) as not being accounted for and the suggestion that she be notified as they are probably valuable.

PI 1-1-12 Letter from Charles G. Beetem to Samuel M. Goodyear, October 12, 1935.
Discusses the placement of some of Mrs. Hawkins donations including a cabinet and a photograph of Pratt.

PI 1-1-13 Letter from Charles G. Beetem to Mr. Goodyear, February 5, 1936.
Acknowledges receipt of Indian photographs. Expresses his desire to file all letters from Mrs. Hawkins. Details of other projects Beetem was working on.

PI 1-1-14 Letter from Nana Pratt Hawkins to Mr. Samuel M. Goodyear, July 12, 1935.
List of materials Mrs. Hawkins offered to donate to the library. Advise in caring for the wool materials. She expresses her delight in the creation of a special room and her belief in Carlisle as the appropriate place for the materials. Includes envelope.

PI 1-1-15 Letter from Nana Pratt Hawkins to Samuel M. Goodyear, July 25, 1935.
Discusses the shipping of materials to the library at the cost of $10 to be paid by the library. Other items are in the process of being boxed for shipment. Expresses her belief that the picture of Pratt she is sending is a better representation of him while at Carlisle than the other picture currently held by the library. Mentions that the museum in Rochester wanted the items but that she felt Carlisle should have them. Requests that if the Carlisle room is ever abolished that the family be notified and the materials returned. Envelope included.

PI 1-1-16 Letter from Nana Pratt Hawkins to Samuel M. Goodyear, July 29, 1935.
Lengthy discussion including some description of materials sent to the library by Mrs. Hawkins. Includes reference to some of the care taken to preserve a few of the items. Envelope included.

PI 1-1-17. Letter from Nana Pratt Hawkins to Samuel M. Goodyear, August 10, 1935.
Regarding the glass china cabinet which was “injured” in transit. Includes envelope.

PI 1-1-18. Letter from Nana Pratt Hawkins to Samuel M. Goodyear, August 15, 1935.
Acknowledges receipt of complete list of donations Mrs. Hawkins made. Brief discussion of Pratt’s uniform and its display. Envelope included.

PI 1-1-19. Letter from Nana Pratt Hawkins to Samuel M. Goodyear, September 3, 1935.
Acknowledges receipt of copies of the Sentinel apparently mentioning the donations as proof of the need for fireproof housing for the library’s valuable materials. Descriptions of some materials sentâ€¦same as PI 1-1-10. Includes envelope.

PI 1-1-20. Letter from Nana Pratt Hawkins to Samuel M. Goodyear, January 30, 1936.
Discusses the missing articles (cache blades, chert) which she believes were arrow heads, etc. Suggests the problem was in the naming done by the museum in Rochester, which has offered to clarify any problems in identification. Notes the sending of pages of school albums that had been missing because they were being used for Mrs. Eastman’s book, which she highly recommends.

PI 1-1-21. Thank you letter from Superintendent ? to Mr. J. Webster Henderson, October 10, 1911.
Thank you letter for membership in The Hamilton Library Association.

PI 1-1-22. Letter from Richard Henry Pratt to Dr. Charles F. Himes, January 26, 1910?.
Pratt discusses how he developed his concept of the “Indian problem” beginning with the prisoners in Florida. He talks about the use of the outing program in the assimilation process. He offers criticism about the changes that have occurred at the school, especially in regards to the teaching of Indian art. Envelope included.

PI 1-1-23. Letter from Richard Henry Pratt to Dr. Charles F. Himes, September 12, 1916.
Pratt makes brief mention of the Indian prisoners he dealt with in Florida, seemingly in response to a question posed by Dr. Himes. Pratt then goes on to thank Himes for his contributions to the school and includes parts of articles that had been written in the school publications about Himes’ lectures. During one of these lectures on lightning students were shocked to show them the power of electricity.

PI 1-1-24. Letter from Richard Henry Pratt to Dr. Charles F. Himes, October 7, 1916.
Discusses Pratt’s travels including a stop at a Society of American Indians convention and a visit to the Black Foot reservation where he met with former students. Due to a bad cold Pratt was unable to visit Carlisle as he had planned.

PI 1-1-25. Letter from Richard Henry Pratt to Dr. Charles F. Himes, October 16, 1916.
Pratt met with some former students in and near Rochester. Was sent a plaque by Himes. Sent Himes some clippings. Envelope included.

PI 1-1-26. Letter from Richard Henry Pratt to Dr. Charles F. Himes, January 12 (based on postmark).
Lengthy letter. Pratt discusses a Major General Milroy and his military career, including how Lincoln saved his career. Asks Himes to send him additional copies of some paper that he had sent Pratt on the school. Talks about his persistent illness. Discusses a meeting at Lake Mohawk. Envelope included. Writing difficult to read.

PI 1-1-27. Letter from Margaret (Seabrook) Kepner to Whom It May Concern, December 2, 1974.
Letter about a Dr. Alice M. Seabrook who taught at the school from 1884-1893 and who was encouraged by Pratt to become an M.D. Also about Margaret’s father’s farm and that of a neighbors the Zimmermans, where some Indians were sent on outing, including Annie Old Eagle. Appears as if she donated some materials but no mention of what.

PI 1-1-28. Letter from Mrs. John F. Brougher to Mr. Melvin M. Parrish, January 18, 1971.
Letter concerned research that Mr. Parrish was apparently doing on Seneca the football player. Includes excerpts from materials the CCHS had on the Seneca family children who attended Carlisle, Victor, Isaac, and Nancy. It includes the incidents of Victor’s death on return from a football game.

PI 1-1-29. Letter from Melvin M. Parrish to Mr. Roger Todd, December 26, 1970.
Asks for information on Isaac Seneca.

PI 1-1-30. Letter from Mrs. J. Beverley McPherson to Charles G. Beetem, March 12, 1934.
Discusses a Mary Campbell who it was believed was kidnapped from Cumberland County by the Delaware Indians. Not sure how relates to Indian school as the kidnapping supposedly occurred in 1759, over 100 years prior to the school’s founding.

PI 1-1-31. Letter from Mrs. J. Beverley McPherson to Charles G. Beetem, March 22, 1934.
Further correspondence about Mary Campbell. Includes information from the Bureau of American Ethnography about the location of the Turtle Tribe of the Delaware Indians in the Cumberland County area.

PI 1-1-31a. History of Mary Campbell: The First White Child on the Western Reserve from Mrs. A. L. Sidnell to Mr. Charles Beetem, July 2, 1935.
Outlines the historical basis for the story of Mary Campbell as the first white child on the western reserve. Corroboration from relatives of the story. Her age at the time is the only main factor in question. Again, the relation to the Indian school is unknown.

PI 1-1-32. Letter from Charles G. Beetem to Mr. Watson of Bowman’s on South Hanover Street in Carlisle, December 31, 1934.
Letter expressing interest in some cardboard illustrations used as a store display of blankets. Beetem interested in using them in the Indian room. Asks if the store is not willing to give them up if Mr. Watson could write to the manufacturer explaining what is being done in terms of the Indian room.

PI 1-1-33. Letter from Charles G. Beetem to William Homer Ames, January 28, 1935.
Memo stating the receipt of several cardboard illustrations of Indians from Bowman’s Department store, some reproductions of paintings from a tobacconist on Court House Avenue, and some oak file card cases from Edward C. Beetem.

PI 1-1-34. Letter from Charles G. Beetem to Mr. Clark A. Bryan, February 7, 1935.
Letter regarding an Indian cave on the Conodoguinet near Carlisle. Is said to contain human bones but no extensive examination has ever been made of the cave. Suggests that it would be possible to illuminate it sufficiently from electricity at the boat landing and candles.

PI 1-1-35. Letter from Charles G. Beetem to Robert L. Brunhouse, February 7, 1935.
Asks Mr. Brunhouse if he knows of any information about an Indian school graduate named Chauncey Yellow Robe, who attended the school from 1889-1897. Beetem had received a request for any references to him. Also mentions that the Indian room is almost ready to be opened.

PI 1-1-36. Letter from Charles G. Beetem to Mr. C. F. Poole of York Springs, Pa., February 15, 1935.
Letter questioning Mr. Poole about some tables and chairs which he apparently is to be making for the Indian room. Beetem expresses some displeasure that the articles have not yet arrived and that there are still more to be made which is delaying the opening of the room.

PI 1-1-37. Letter from Charles G. Beetem to R.L. Brunhouse, February 21, 1935.
In regards to letter from Ruth A. Brown apparently about information on Yellow Robe. Progress of the Indian room. Enclosures not included.

PI 1-1-38. Letter from Charles G. Beetem to Ruth A. Brown, February 21, 1935.
Informs Brown that Mr. Brunhouse located one speech given by Yellow Robe at the Augden Teacher’s Institute which was published in the February 18, 1897 edition of the Red Man.

PI 1-1-39. Letter from Gilbert to Homer, March 4, 1935.
Effort to complete the Indian room by Friday night’s meeting. Expresses delight at the look of the room so far and the color scheme. Surprising mention of a picture of “an almost nude Indian maiden supplicating the moon goddess” above the doorway. Notification of further materials needed to complete the furniture for the room.

PI 1-1-40. Letter from Charles G. Beetem to Samuel M. Goodyear, March 7, 1935.
American Indian Room finished and an opening date can be announced at any time. Discusses the layout of the room in general. Beetem believes that all the library’s Indian materials are now housed in the room. Apologizes for the room not being completed sooner but that he was held up by other tasks.

PI 1-1-41. Letter from Charles G. Beetem to Jacob M. Goodyear, March 15, 1935.
Suggests delaying paying the Library bills until all expenses are accounted for. Mention of other work besides the Indian room that was being done at the library which kept Beetem busy. Suggestions for how to accommodate school children viewing the room. Possible placement of Pratt’s picture above the hall door. Justification for reading table and chairs in the Indian room to aid their study. Rugs woven by Beetem for the floor.

PI 1-1-42. Letter from Charles G. Beetem to Mr. R.L. Brunhouse, March 16, 1935.
Beetem’s enrollment in General Alumni Association from class of 1904. Enclosed (not included) an article from the Sentinel about an Indian College at Carlisle from March 13, 1935. Offer to donate 28 acres of land at the bend of the Conodoguinet for the establishment of an Indian college. Suggests getting in touch with any American Indian organization and Pratt’s daughter to work up interest in such a college at Carlisle.

PI 1-1-43. Letter from Charles G. Beetem to Samuel M. Goodyear, July 8, 1935.
Discussion of the financial expenditures for the Indian room which totaled $56.15. Says that donations exceeded the Association’s expenditures. Requests prompt payment as he is short of cash. Brief list of other projects Beetem is now working on. Enclosures not included.

P 1-1-44. Letter from Charles G. Beetem to Samuel M. Goodyear, October 12, 1935.
Discussion of the placement of a cabinet sent by Mrs. Hawkins in the Indian room as well as the replacement of the old Pratt portrait in the room with the one sent by her. Enclosures not included.

PI 1-1-45. Letter from John C. Ewers to Mr. Roger K. Todd, May 23, 1975.
From the Smithsonian Institute requesting copies of some photos and a work believed to be the first published by Lone Star Dietz. Also question about a Richard Sanderville, a Piegan, who was a member of the 1889-1890 Blackfoot group at Carlisle and claimed to have played football there but of whom Ewers could find no record. Sanderville was influential on the reservation and told a story to FDR about playing Harvard, a game the president said he attended.

PI 1-1-46. Letter from John C. Ewers to Mr. Robert Steck, April 15, 1975.
Announcing his prospective trip to Carlisle and desire to look at more photographs of the school related to Dietz. Request for an obituary of Lone Star Dietz who died in Reading on July 20, 1964. Also would like to look at the Arrow for the period during which Dietz was at the school (1907/8-1915). Notes probably by Steck of volumes of publications that dealt with Dietz.

PI 1-1-47. Letter from ? to Masters Matthew and Wendell Jones, August 19, 1906.
Letter from a father to his boys. The father apparently travels a great deal and is anxious to see his boys again soon. The father recently made a trip to the Indian School. There is a wonderful account of the school from a visitor’s point of view. Discusses children playing, girls ironing, boys printing. Also talks about the history of the school grounds. Very much worth reading for a glimpse at a day at the school. Included is a letter from the widow of Wendell Jones dating from Dec. 8, 1988 when she copied the letter for her own use while visiting Carlisle.

PI 1-2. Letter from Richard Henry Pratt to the Honorable William E. Miller, Secretary of the Hamilton Library Association, February 11, 1908.
Pratt says that he was prompted to actually undertake the task of writing the article requested by the Association in light of the current attacks being made against non-reservation boarding schools. He feels that his view, as a key player in the establishment of such schools, should be considered before the schools are abandoned. He suggests pictures to be placed in the book. Makes suggestions for the distribution of the book, which would include all the members of Congress and various other government officials. Suggests that perhaps local businesses would help in the sale of the pamphlet as they have profited from the school.

Manuscript copy of Pratt’s article: “The Indian Industrial School, Carlisle, PA: It’s Origins, Progress and the Difficulties Surmounted.”
Begins by discussing how Pratt became interested in the Indians and how his career led to his close relationship leading up to the establishment of Carlisle. He then talks about the organizational process of founding Carlisle, including finding a location, recruiting the children, and acquiring supplies. The organization of the school, industrial and academic. Description of the disciplinary system. The use of students in the construction of buildings. Pratt’s comments on the allotment system. Religious training at the school. A detailed discussion of the outing system including the aggregate earnings of the students for three years. The influence of Carlisle in the establishment of other nonreservation schools. Pratt’s beliefs about the failure of these other schools. The exhibition of the Indian School at the Chicago World’s Fair and other notable occasions. Carlisle school not allowed to portray its principles at the Omaha and St. Louis exhibitions. Discusses the origin of the brass band and the development of the art program. Discusses the history of the land on which the school sat. Discussion of those who gave assistance to school including Dr. Cornelius R. Agnew and later his wife, Mrs. Joseph Laroucque, Miss Susan Longstreth, Miss Mary H. Brown, and Rev. W. H. Miller. The help of President Hayes and his Cabinet and President Arthur and his Secretary of the Interior, Mr. Teller. Discussion of Mr. Teller’s proposition of putting money into Indian education instead of suppressing hostilities. The establishment of a Board of Trustees in order to deal with donations, including the members of the group. Appreciation for Senator H.L. Dawes and his support of the school in Congress. Expressions of appreciation for several others Dr. M. B. Anderson, President Seelye of Amherst College, General Eaton. Defense of Pratt as the originator of Carlisle, not General Armstrong of Hampton Institute. Pratt’s views on current methods for helping those in need including a comparison with Japan’s system. Discussion of those who have been against Carlisle including missionaries and ethnologists. The growth of the non-reservation boarding school and support of such schools, especially Carlisle by certain Indian agents. English fluency frowned upon by government because Indians better able to understand what the government was up to. Pratt’s ideas about what will bring an end to the Indian problem.

PI 1-3 Sketch book of Alvan Good Boy.
Sketch book was disassembled in 1988. First sketch of buffalo herd. Second of Indians on horseback with warpaint. Third of Indians on a hunt. Fourth of Indians on horseback in full regalia. Fifth also of Indians on horseback in full regalia. Sixth, a continuation of fifth. Seventh, Indians on horseback with small teepees in foreground.

PI 1-3a Drawing by various Indian school students.
Maps of the continents and the United States. Dog. Flowers and butterfly. Goats and bird. Bear. Taylor F. Ealy-Pueblo/Zuni boy with horse and other Indian shooting arrows. Indian with gun meets a bear. PI 1-3-13 flag. Hunter and buffalo by Henry J. Bear. Goat and birds by Charley M. Chickeny. Hunter and buffalo by Taylor F. Ealy.

Indian Artwork before 1900 â€“ Plains Indian Tradition PI 1-3 Folder 1
Map of North America by Elhanah G. Dawson. Map of South America by Ernie Black. Map of Africa by Samson Foster. Map of United States by Watson W. Penn, Osage. PI 1-3-7 Drawing of bear by J. H. Givan. PI 1-3-8 Drawing of birds and a goat by Charley M. Chickeny. Map of Asia by Van Hom(?). PI 1-3-10 Drawing of ostrich by Jack Matten (?). Map of Africa. Map of United States. PI 1-3-12 Drawings of goats and a bird. Map of Europe. PI 1-3-14 Drawing of hawk or eagle by Odlelah, Apache. Map of Africa. PI 1-3-17 Drawing of cow by Sam L. Checote. PI 1-3-18 Drawing of crow or hawk by Charles M Chickeny. PI 1-3-20 Drawings of Owl, cow, goat, and hawk by Moses Livingston, Sissiton. PI 1-3-21 Drawing of bird by Irvine Chodque. PI 1-3-26 Drawing of cows by Esapoyhet, Comanche. PI 1-3-27 Drawing of goats, gazelles (?).- drawings of goats, cow, and a sheep by Elieb (?) Yellow man, Arapahoe. Drawing of dog by Carl Pinquodle, Kiowa.- PI 1-3-46 Drawing of flowers and butterfly. * Pictures some repeats of other folder of drawings.

PI 1-3 Folder 2 Indian Artwork before 1900 â€“ Plains Indian Tradition
Sketchbook presented to Susan Longstreth by Charlie Dagenett, Peoria Indian from the Quapaw Agency, Indian Territory.
Map of the Siege of Charleston, 1780. Drawing of George Washington “Father of his Countryâ€. Map of the Surrender of Burgoyne at Saratoga. Map of the Siege of Suvannah. Map of the Capture of Ticonderoga. Map of the Battle of Long Island. Map of the Battle of Guilford C. H. Map of the Battle of Princeton, Jan. 3, ‘77. Map of the Battle of Trenton, Dec. 25, ‘76. Map of the Siege of Yorktown.

PI 1-4-1 Eadle Keatah Toh Vol. 1 No. 4 + 5.

Volume 4: An extract from the report of the Commission which concluded the treaty of 1875 with the Sioux for the relinquishment of the Black Hills written by Senator Allison and General Terry. Expresses the necessity of educating the Indians to remove them from barbarism. Earlier efforts have been successful and now ones are needed for other tribes like the Sioux.
Article on the girls not wanting to go camping in tents and the view that students should come to detest their old life so much that they will do everything to prevent returning to it. Some statistics on the number of Indian children and the percentages receiving education.
Article by A.J.S.(probably Mr. Standing) arguing against granting universal citizenship to the Indians because most are not ready to assume the responsibility and could be taken greater advantage of than is already been done with less hope of protection under the law.
Article arguing in favor of Indian training schools away from home influences, but also recognizes the need for agency schools for primary instruction. â€“ Cheyenne Transporter
Extract from the speech of Hon. Frank E. Belzhoover of PA on the Ute bill, delivered in the House of Representatives at Washington, June 9. Expresses his believe that it has been partially due to the white’s treatment of the Indian that he has not been able to raise himself up and that if the Indian would be placed under the forces of civilization, he will respond.
Small article on the end of the school year. Encouragement at the change in the students from when they first came.

Volume 5: A report to the House of Representatives from the Indian Committee will answer many questions asked us as to the intent of the Carlisle School. 46 Cong 2 Sess Report 752. Report submitted by Mr. Pound. Deals with treaty stipulations for education among several nomadic tribes. Plan of using vacant military posts to defray costs. Efforts for Industrial Education, mention of those already in existence at Hampton and Carlisle. Discussion of Carlisle as an example of proposed efforts. The apparent success of the school after a visit by a committee including the Secretary of the Interior.
Article on the work at the school up to the date of the article. The names and numbers of tribes who have sent children. Effort at English education. Industrial training for boys and girls. Academic work. Success so far. Table included shows tribes, number of students, boys and girls, sent to school also those who were sent home or died, and then total currently attending.
Article refuting the idea that the success of work at Carlisle discourages the effort at Hampton. Working for the same purpose and acknowledges the role of Hampton at helping to start the process.
HOME ITEMS: New staff, addition of wagon and paint shop, boys made bows and arrows while camping, boys happy to be back in quarters, instruction of band continues, hospital has some inmates, satisfactory results from work on farm, Pueblo children to be given special instruction, girls now camping, John Renville’s father notified of his death but still supports school, boys have reading and study rooms and have asked for an organ, long walk to camp and To-kah-ah-puh, son of Black Crow, one of first to make it while many older boys complained and had trouble.
A.J. Standing married Annie Wilson.
Rev. Sheldon Jackson D.D. who was bringing Pueblo children to the school had trouble on the trip east because of storms that washed out railroad bridges.
Some boys returned early from camping trip without permission. The younger to later returned to camp while the older two did not.
Obituary of John Renville who died at the school.
Article about a group of Sioux chiefs who came East to visit their children at Carlisle and Hampton and to talk about building a railroad at Washington. Summaries from speeches made by various chiefs at Hampton are included.

PI 1-4-1 Eadle Keatah Toh Vol. 1 No. 4 + 5.

PI 1-4-2 The Indian Helper Vol XII No. 33 Friday, May 28, 1897.
Poem- “Mother Earth’s Four Quilts”
Story of Zintka Lanuni, an Sioux Indian baby who survived a battle with U.S. troops in which both her parents died. She was adopted by Colonel Colby and his wife and is being raised as their child. She will be looked to for proof of how an Indian raised in civilization can turn out.
Appointments of some people to other Indian schools. The election of senior class officers. The performance of a former student in an orchestra and the performance of a current student at a local high school commencement. Visit by the singer Madam Marie Decca. General report of girls on outing, including one brought in with pneumonia. Several other anecdotes including some about the progress of industrial and agricultural work at the school.
Story of the baseball game against Pennsylvania College, Gettysburg.
Comments by W.J.T. on Canadian Indian policy.
Word puzzle.

PI 1-4-3 The Indian Helper Vol. II No. 4, Friday June 3, 1887.
Poem â€“ “Strength for To-day”
Story about two Indian girls discussing the problems they will encounter when they go home for the summer and the difficulty of keeping to the civilized ways. The determine to stick to them and to help influence the people at home by doing so.
Comments about Buffalo Bill’s Indians.
Argument in favor of education.
Question for debate.
Quotations
Updates on a few people.
Various other anecdotes, sayings, etc.
Word puzzle and answer to last week’s puzzle.

PI 1-4-4 The Indian Helper Vol XIV No. 37, Friday July 7, 1899.
Poem â€“ “Keep Well”
Article on the evil of alcohol
Updates on different students
Visit from Dr. Charles and Elaine Eastman and family.
Article about a spilled barrel of candy that attracted quite a bit of attention from the newsboys in Pittsburgh.
Small article on sensible dress by the girls.
Other anecdotes, etc.

PI 1-4-4 The Indian Helper Vol XIII No 17, Friday February 11, 1898.
Poem â€“ “God’s Best”
Tips on looking for employment
Other advise
News on students, former students and friends of the school.
Punishment for two girls who set fire to the girls’ quarters.
Evils of alcohol
Summary of lecture by Sam Jones on the effects of heredity and environment

PI 1-4-4 The Indian Helper Vol XIV No. 29, Friday May 12, 1899.
Poem â€“ “Clovers”
Pratt’s reflections on meeting with Filipinos
Updates on some former students
End of epidemic and quarantine
Student sent to the Pennsylvania Reformatory at Huntingdon
Comments on death of Thomas Marshall
Death of former student Albert McCarthy
Death of former student Nellie Tyndall
Death of former student Emma Red Bird
Dates of future ball games
Word puzzle.

stayed Friday July 21, 1899

PI 1-4-4. The Indian Helper Vol. XIV No. 39, Friday July 21, 1899.
Poem â€“ “What to Do”
Account from teachers at the Indian Teachers’ Institute and National Education Association conventions. Also from various other teachers away at schools for the summer.
Updates on former students. Including the death of Christina Redstone from consumption who entered second grade at Carlisle in 1890.
First legal Apache marriage on the reservation at San Carlos, Arizona.
Boys on outing in New Jersey
United States Indian Band information
Sayings and word puzzle

PI 1-4-4. Indian Helper Vol. XIV No. 30 Friday May 19, 1899.
Poem â€“ “The Song of the Printer”
Article by Mrs. E.G. Platt on the poetic nature of the Indian
Updates on former students. Including info on boys enlisted in the military, memorial services for Thomas Marshall, students under quarantine for a few weeks were released
Letter from Mrs. Shaffner Etnier apparently on a trip to Puerto Rico.

PI 1-4-5. The Carlisle Arrow Vol.VI No. 17, December 31, 1909.
Article on “The Effect of Training at the Government Indian School at Carlisle: Part 1.” Discusses the steps that led to the school at Carlisle including the history of the spot. The chain of command that governs the school. How students are chosen to attend. Rule as to transfer from one non reservation school to another.
Anecdotes about Christmas from 5 different students.
Description of the Christmas celebration at Carlisle including the student entertainment which drew the holiday to a close.
Article by Francis Coleman on his trip to Phoenixville.
General school news including the return of Jim Thorpe to spend Christmas at the school. He also brought some new students with him.

School News. Vol. 1 No. 3, August 1880.
Article by John Downing on the camp at Warm Springs.
Editorial by Samuel Townsend, Pawnee about why the Indians should work and go to school.
General news about visitors, etc.
Articles by Mary North, Arapahoe; Josie Vetter, Iowa; Joshua A. Given.

School News. Vol. 1 No. 4, September 1880.
Article by Roman Nose on his trip to New York and happiness at being back at school.
Editorial by Samuel Townsend about the benefits of education.
Article about some of the boys going to the circus.
Articles by Anna Raven, Arapahoe; Joe Vetter, Iowa; Elwood Dorian, Iowa; Edward Upright.

School News. Vol. 1 No. 5, October 1880.
Article on Roman Nose’s trip to Indian Territory.
Editorial by Samuel Townsend on the interaction both positive and negative of whites and Indians.
General news.

School News. Vol. 1 No. 7, December 1880.
Article by H.C. Roman Nose on his experiences in Florida at Ft. Marion. Part 1.
Editorial by Samuel Townsend about English proficiency.
General news.
Anonymous article about Apache resistance to white encroachment.

School News. Vol. 1 No. 8, January 1881.
Part 2 of article by H.C. Roman Nose on his experiences in Florida and elsewhere.
Editorial by Samuel Townsend on how students can influence other when return home and necessity of hard work to succeed.
General news including arrival of new students.
Letter by Ben Marshall taken from the Indian Journal Muskogee I. T.
Article by Michael Burns, Apache, on his excitement about geography.
Article by Luther Standing Bear, Sioux, about his visit to Baltimore.
Article by Ruth, Sioux, cannot be read due to damage to paper.

School News. Vol. 1 No. 10, March 1881.
Final part of article by Henry C. Roman Nose on his experiences and his reflection on them.
Sophie Rachel, Nez Perces, experience on outing.
Parts of letters from various students: Frank Twist, Sioux; Joseph Wisacoby, Menomonee; Luther Standing Bear, Sioux; Katie La Croix, Yankton Sioux; Nellie Cary, Apache; Elwood Dorian, Iowa.

School News. Vol. 1 No. 11, April 1881.
Article “What Michael Burns, An Apache Boy Thinks on the Indian Question.”
Editorial by Samuel Townsend on “Do the Indians Want to Learn to Take Care of Themselves?”
Benefits of English.
General news
Letter from Lizzie Walton, Pawnee, to her uncle about her trip to Philadelphia.
“Magic Lantern Views as Seen by Ada Bent, Cheyenne.”

School News. Vol. II No. 2, July 1881.
Letter from Virginia Oequa from her outing home.
Editorial on the shooting of President Garfield by Samuel Townsend.
Article about students on outing and how they should not be lazy.
Article by Robert W. Stewart, Creek, wishing President Garfield well.
General news including a bit about a 4th of July trip to Philadelphia.
Letters from students who went to Philadelphia including: Ruth Mather, Sioux; Celia Pickard, Wichita; Hope, Sioux; Julie Bent, Cheyenne.
Letter from Maggie Standslooking who was out on outing.
Letter from Minerva, Cheyenne who was out on outing.

School News. Vol. II No. 3, August 1881.
Article by Michael Burns “An Apache Boy Tells What He Thinks About Work.”
New editor is Charles Kihega, Iowa.
Short statement dispelling rumor that school was to be moved to Lawrence, Ka.
Article â€“ “Indians Want More Schools.”
Two anecdotal articles.
Visit by some Sioux chiefs.
General news.
Article by Justine La Fromboise “The Girls Take a Walk Out to the Farm.”
Comment by John Menaul, Pueblo, on the death of his friend Frank Cushing.

School News. Vol. II No. 5, October 1881.
Article by an Arapahoe girl “Good Words: Let Us Try and Talk the English Language All We Can.”
Letter from Julie Bent, Cheyenne, to her teacher.
Editorial by Charles Kihega on work.
Article on 2 year anniversary of school by Michael Burns.
General news.
Letter from Sophie Rachel to her brother about talking English.

School News. Vol. II No. 7, December 1881.
Letter from Reuben Quick Bear to a friend on how he feels about talking English.
Article by A.E.V. McKellop.
Article by Sarah, Creek, on the cooking school.
Article by Rosalie Ross, Cherokee, on English speaking night.
General news.
Extracts from students’ diaries: Lucius Aitson, Kiowa; Geoffrey, Sioux; Joe Gunn, Ponca; Edgar, Sioux; Lucius, Kiowa; Peter Charko.
Article about Christmas.
Article commenting about the discussion of the hemispheres in geography and the discrepancy felt by some of the boys over whether or not the western hemisphere should be considered “new.”
Article by anonymous student on a battle in Indian territory.
Letter from Ruth Sioux to her father.

School News. Vol. II No. 10, March 1882.
Article about the students’ trip to Philadelphia by Dessie Prescott.
Article on the ills of tobacco
Letter from some boys at the Camp Wright Indian Boarding School in California and a response by Ellis Childers, Creek.
General news
Excerpts from boys’ diaries: Robert American Horse, Sioux; Eugene Tah-kah-puer; Aitson, Kiowa.
Article on Chapel exercises: theme seems to have been work
Letter from Joseph B. Harris, Gros Ventre age 9, to father.
Article by Grace Cook, Sioux, on a story she read
Letter from Julian Whistler, Sioux, to his uncle.
Article by Stella, 11, after returning from Philadelphia
Letter from E. Myres, Pawnee, who was on outing

School News. Vol. II No. 12, May 1882.
Article by Michael Burns, Apache, on determination and perseverance.
Short letters from Libbie Standing and Joe Big Wolf to parents.
Article on Ralph Eagle Feather’s, Sioux, speech at the Sunday evening prayer meeting on what the Indians need to do.
Article on boys serving as interpreters for their tribes
Excerpts from diaries: Cleaver, Arapahoe; Geoffrey, Sioux; Rebecca; Marel.
Article by Maggie on the Lapps.
Letter from Blotfnhunka Tanka to Res’d Porcupine Woman asking that she come home because her grandmother is sick. Response from Hattie Red Porcupine.
Two very brief letters from boys on outing. No names given.

School News. Vol. III No. 3, August 1882.
Letter from the editor, Charles Kihega, on his trip home.
Letter from Metopah, Osage age 12. (female)
Very brief letters from Taylor Ealy, Pueblo, and Frank Everett, Wichita.
Letters from several students: Fletcher, Cheyenne; Carl Matches; Mabel, Kiowa; Josie Vetter, Iowa; anonymous; Clarence, Sioux; Joe Vetter.

School News. Vol. III No. 5, October 1882.
Article by Frank D. Aveline on his visit to Girard College
Letter from Ponca Chief White Eagle to his son Frank.
Editorial on William Penn’s kindness to Indians.
Letter from an anonymous female Nez Perce on outing.
General news
Article by T. Ealy on visit to Philadelphia
Article by Josie Vetter on visit to Deaf Mute Asylum in Philadelphia
Very brief article by James Bell on visit to Philadelphia
Article by Celia, Wichita, on a call to a Quaker lady while in Philadelphia
Article by S.C. (female?) on visit to Philadelphia

School News. Vol. III No. 6, November 1882.
Letter from Harriet Mary to Miss Hyde.
Article by Minnie Atkins, Creek, on the trip to Philadelphia
Editorial on the wall between whites and Indians
Article by Samuel D. Bausley, Pottawatomie, on his journey to Carlisle
General news including numbers of students on outing.
Article on Luke Phillips’s speech at the York County Teachers Institute
Letter from Billey Conepacho, Seminole, to Captain R.H. Pratt.

School News. Vol. III No. 7, December 1882.
Article by Henry North â€“ “What I Learned in Lancaster County This Summer”
Article about Christmas celebration
Letter from Calvin Red Wolfe to his father
General news including death of Alfred, Wichita.
Article â€“ “What Joseph Wiscoby Remembers of Prof. Apgar’s Lecture”
Letter from Doty Seward to Captain Pratt
Letter from Justine La Fromboise, Sisseton Sioux, to “School Mother”

School News. Vol. III No. 9, February 1883.
Article â€“ “Indian Story by Joshua Given, Kiowa”
Letter from Louis Big Horse, Osage, to his father.
Article on why the Indians could not keep their lands
Article on saving money
General news
Article on the renting of Indian lands to whites
Letter from John Menaul
Letter from Harriet to Captain Pratt
Letter from John Shields

School News. Vol. III No. 10, March 1883.
Article by Captain Daniel Childers, written by E.B. Childers on his experiences.
Editorial responding to the question “What are you going to do when you get an education?”
Article by H. North “Work Out Your Own Living”
Article on visitors from Washington D.C.
Article by Luke Philips on a speech by visitor Michael Toner, a mute.
General news.
Letter from Eugene Talkahpuer, Commanche, while on outing in NJ
Article by Louis Big Horse on his visit to Pittsburgh
Letter from Lucius A. Phillips to Captain Pratt

School News. Vol. III No. 12, May 1883.
Letter from Van Horn on his travels
Article by Howard Chawhip on a sermon he heard at a country church
General news including a summary of Secretary Teller’s speech on the Indian question
Article by Rachel Checote â€“ “A Lesson from a Bear”
Article by Sarah Crowell â€“ “Some of the Things Our Girls Do in the Country”
Anonymous article â€“ “A Little Country Boy in Trouble”
Article by Henry North â€“ “Whiskey: A Curse”
Article on how the Indians should stop relying on others
Article by George Baker, Kaw. and Elkanah C. Dawson, Cheyenne on their examination.

PI 1-5 Commencement invitations and tickets
PI 1-5-1899 Invitation to Twentieth Anniversary and Eleventh Graduating Exercises of the Indian Industrial School, Carlisle, Pa. Feb 28 & March 1,2, 1899. Program and list of graduating students with tribe.

PI 1-5-1899 Ticket for commencement exercises

PI 1-5-1902 Invitation to Twenty-third Anniversary and Fourteenth Graduating Exercises of the Indian Industrial School, Carlisle, Pa. Feb. 5 & 6, 1902. Program. Includes envelope addressed to Eugene P. Drake and Family and larger envelope addressed to Eugene P. Drake Pennington, Penna.

PI 1-5-1902 Invitation to Twenty-third Anniversary and Fourteenth Graduating Exercises of the Indian Industrial School, Carlisle, Pa. Feb. 5 & 6, 1902. Includes envelope addressed to Mr. Edward Herman, New Kingston, Pa.

PI 1-5-1904 Ticket for 1904 commencement exercises. Includes envelope addressed to Mr. H.E. Wertz, Quincy, Pa.

PI 1-5-1906 Ticket for 1906 Commencement exercises.

PI 1-5-1910 Invitation to the Commencement Exercises on March 27 to 31, 1910.

PI 1-5-1911 Ticket for 1911 Commencement exercises.

PI 1-5-1918 Invitation to the Commencement Exercises on June 2 to 6, 1918. Program.

PI 1-6 Commencement

PI 1-6-1897 Program of the 18th Anniversary and 9th Graduating Exercises of the Indian Industrial School, Carlisle, Pa. March 11, 1897. Program listings including student performances. Picture of the graduating class.

PI 1-6-1896 Program of the 17th Anniversary and 8th Graduating Exercises of the Indian Industrial School, Carlisle, Pa. February 27, 1986. Program listings including student performances. Quotations about the Indian.

PI 1-6-1900 Program of Commencement for Class of 1900. March 15, 1900. Picture of class. Program listings including student performances. School colors. Name of graduating students with tribe. Words to school song.

PI 1-6-1901 Program of Commencement Exercises of Indian School. Carlisle, Pa. March 14, 1901. Picture of graduating class. Program listings including student performances. Names of graduating students with tribe. Words to “Song of the Flagâ€.

PI 1-6-1903 Program of Carlisle Indian School Commencement of 1903. 15th Commencement and the 24th Year of the Indian Industrial School Carlisle, Pa. February 10 to 12, 1903. School Motto. Names of the graduating class with tribe and picture. Program listings including student performances. Class motto and colors. History and purpose of school. Statistical information. Words to “Evening Song”

PI 1-6-1903 Commencement Week Announcements at the Indian School, Carlisle, Pa. 1903

PI 1-6-1904 Commencement Program of Indian School Carlisle, Pa. 1904. Quotation. Picture of graduating class with names and tribe. Class motto and colors. Program listing including student performances. Words to “Song of a Thousand Yearsâ€. Statistical information.

PI 1-6-1905 Commencement Program of the Indian Industrial School, Carlisle, Pa. Pictures of industries: carpenters, laundry, sloyd, tailors, printing office. Pictures of groups: standards, graduating class, band, Y.M.C.A., Susan Longstreth Literary Society. Pictures of buildings: campus, school building, girls’ quarters and band stand, shops, boys’ quarters. Picture of graduating class of 1905. Pictures of athletics: gymnastic exercises girls, interior gymnasium â€“ basket ball, Indian club drill, base ball, football. Pictures of boys in the country on outing. Pictures of girls in the country on outing.

PI 1-6-1906 Commencement Program of the United States Indian School, Carlisle, Pa. Before and after picture. Picture of Hon. E. Hitchcock, Secretary of the Interior. Program listings including student performances. Names of graduating class with tribe. Class motto and colors. Picture of graduating class of 1906. Picture of a representative first party. Pictures of buildings: school building, campus, girl’s quarters and band stand, shops, boy’s quarters. Picture of outdoor lesson. Picture of a part of campus showing girls playing croquet. Pictures of groups: graduating class, standards, band, Y.M.C.A., Susan Longstreth Literary Society. Pictures of athletics: Interior gymnasium â€“ basket ball, gymnastic exercises â€“ girls, Indian club drill, base ball, foot ball. Pictures of industries: sloyd, carpenters, laundry, tailors, printing office. List of students who have completed an Industrial course including name of course, name of student and tribe. Program listings including student performances. Pictures of girls on outing: kitchen scene, flower gardening, dining room scene, at home on the veranda, country schoolhouse. Pictures of boys on outing: cultivating corn, Indian boys country home, harvesting, operating field rake, dairy hands. Pictures of Commissioner of Indian Affairs, Hon. Frances E. Leupp and Superintendent Major W.A. Mercer, 11th Cavalry.

PI 1-6-1907 Program for Commencement Exercises of the United States Indian Industrial School, Carlisle, Pa. April 4, 1907. Picture of Francis E. Leupp, Commissioner of Indian Affairs. Program listings including student performances. Names of graduating students with tribe. Class motto and colors. Picture of graduating class and names. Pictures of industries: sloyd, carpenters, laundry, tailors, printing office. Lists of students who have completed an Industrial course including name of course, name of student and tribe. Four day program April 1 to 4. Pictures of boys on outing: Indian boys country home, cultivating corn, harvesting, operating field rake, dairy hands. Pictures of buildings: school building, campus, girls’ quarters and band stand, shops, boys’ quarters. Picture of Superintendent Major W.A. Mercer, 11th Cavalry. Picture of Leupp Indian Art Studio. Words to School Song.

PI 1-6-1908 Program for Commencement Exercises of the United States Indian Industrial School, Carlisle, Pa. April 2, 1908. Class Motto. Picture of Superintendent Moses Friedman. Program listings including student performances. Picture of Commissioner of Indian Affairs, Hon. Francis E. Leupp. Picture of Charles H. Dickson, Supervisor-in-Charge until April 1, 1908. Names of graduating class with tribe. Class motto and colors. Picture of graduating class with names. Five day program March 29-April 2. Lists of students who have completed an Industrial course including name of course, name of student and tribe. Panoramic picture of grounds. Words to graduation song. Words to “America”

PI 1-6-1910 Program for Commencement Exercises of the United States Indian School, Carlisle, Pa. March 27 to 31, 1910. School colors. Class colors and mottoes for all 4 classes. Program for Commencement week. Picture of campus looking south. Program for Baccalaureate Services. Picture of graduating class of 1910. Announcement of performance of “The Captain of Plymouthâ€. Program for exercises in the gymnasium. Track and field and exhibition lacrosse game date and time. Program listings for graduation exercises. Names and tribe of graduating class. Names of students receiving certificates of proficiency in bookkeeping. Names of students receiving industrial certificates with industry. Picture of ex-Carlisle student’s home in Alaska. Picture of campus looking north. Important facts concerning the Carlisle Indian School, including statistics. Program for performance of “The Captain of Plymouth.” Name of tribes represented in the printing department.

PI 1-6-1911 Program for Commencement Exercises of the United States Indian Industrial School, Carlisle, Pa. March 26 to 31, 1911. Class colors and mottoes for all four classes. Schedule for commencement week. Picture of Academic Hall. Picture of graduating class of 1911. Program for Baccalaureate services. Program for Union Meeting of Christian Associations. Program for Exercises in Gymnasium. Program for Exercises on Campus. Schedule for track and field and lacrosse game. Program for band concert. Program for graduation exercises. Names of graduating class with tribe. Names with tribe of those receiving certificate from business department. Names of pupils receiving industrial certificates with name of industry. Picture of home of Class of ‘90 graduate D.W. Wheelock in West Depere, Wisconsin. Picture of home of Class of 1894 graduate Mrs. Ida Warren Tobin, White Earth, Minnesota. Important facts concerning the Carlisle Indian School, including statistical information. Tribes represented in the printing staff.

PI 1-6-1913 Program for Graduation Exercises of the Carlisle Indian School. April 3, 1913. Program listings including student performances. Names and tribes of students in graduating class. Names of students with tribe receiving certificate from business department. Class colors and mottoes of all four classes. Names of pupils receiving industrial certificates with name of industry. Sketch of unidentified Indian in native dress.

PI 1-7 Commencement programs for concert and operetta programs

PI 1-7-9 Program for operetta “The Captain of Plymouth” by the students of the Carlisle Indian School as part of the commencement exercises, 1909.

PI 1-7-10 Program for operetta “The Captain of Plymouth” by the students of the Carlisle Indian School. Commencement 1910.

PI 1-7-11 Program for band concert for Commencement March 29, 1911. Picture of band. Claude Maxwell Stauffer, conductor. Names of students and instrument(s) played.

PI 1-7-13 Program for band concert for Commencement April 1, 1913. Picture of band. Claude Maxwell Stauffer, conductor. Names of students and instrument(s) played.

PI 1-8-2 Notebook of Rev. George Diffenderfer.

PI 1-8-2 List of students compiled while out west recruiting new students. Includes names, sex, supposed dates attended school, and occasionally comments regarding the student. Also names and ages of prospective students.

PI 1-8-2a Sampling of notes from Diffenderfer’s notebook.

PI 1-8-6 Supplement to the Arrow Vol. II No. 31
Picture of 1906 graduating class with names and tribes.

PI 1-8-14 Names of Graduates of the Carlisle Indian School from 1889 to 1913. Published in 1914.
Name of student with tribe and address for each graduating class. Marks of deceased where applicable.

PI 1-8-89-15 Indian School Catalogue and Synopsis of Course, 1915.
Statistical information. Outline of grade courses for 4th to 8th grade. Floor plan of Model Home Cottage. Outline of courses in agriculture, mechanic arts, home economics. List of graduates of the Carlisle Indian School, 1889 to 1915 with name, tribe, and address. Class summary of each year of number of students living and dead.

PI 1-8-17 Yearbook
Yearbook/memory book. Spaces for name, tribe, home address, age, entered Carlisle School, Chums, Favorite Girl, Favorite Boy, Favorite Song, Favorite Book, Favorite Colors, Favorite Spot Around Carlisle, Favorite Flower, Favorite Musical Instrument, Favorite Sport or Amusement, Favorite Maxim or Motto, Favorite Walk, Highest Ambition, Most Exciting Experience, What is Love?, What are you going to do after you are through school?, Memoriam. 45 entries.

PI 1-8-17 Roster of Students January 1, 1917.
Name and tribe of students. Divided into boys and girls. Alphabetized by first name.

PI 2-1 Eleventh Annual Report of the Indian Industrial School, Carlisle, Pa. 1890
Addressed to the Commissioner of Indian Affairs by Pratt
Includes a historical sketch of the origins of the school, the goal of the school, the outing system with yearly earnings, industrial education, academic education, number of new students from each tribe received, Normal Department as a postgraduate course, second graduation, students attending regular schools, religion. Table giving number from each tribe, number of new pupils from the tribe, number returned to agencies, number who died, number remaining at school, and number on farms. Difficulties students face when return home and suggestions for how to combat this. How some former students are now doing. Suggestions for how Indian education should be run.
“Carlisle Indian School: Its Foundation Principles, As Expounded in Its Annual Reports From 1881 to 1890.” Includes a quote from each year’s annual report outlining the school’s purpose. Some of the subjects addressed are the failure of the government to provide education as promised to the Indians, the importance of submersion for assimilation, and the benefits of the outing system.

PI 2-1-1909 Annual Report for the Year Ending June 30, 1909. by Friedman
Friedman sent students under 14 home, partially in order to make the school more like a finishing school. Connection of current students with former students or graduates. General good health of the student body and the reasons for it. Hospital, optical, and dental care. Academic instruction. Normal department. Business department. Agricultural Department. Educational Industrial and Agricultural Museum. Carpenter Shop, Mason and Tin Shops, Blacksmith and Wagon Shops, Mechanical Drawing, Paint and Harness Shops, Shop Warehouse, Scope of Production. Tables of the amount of work done in each of the industrial departments including the monetary value of the work. The Farm, Dairy, Orchard, Poultry Culture, Piggery. The Carlisle Indian Press. Native Indian Arts, Indian History and Folklore. The Calendar. The Campus. Free Lectures and Entertainments. The cost of Carlisle in comparison to other schools. Table of appropriations for the support of nonreservation schools during the past 15 years. Table on the average per capita cost at Carlisle with the average of all other nonreservation schools over the past 15 years. Table of the overall average per capita maintenance costs of nonreservation schools in existence for at least 15 years and a separate table for those in existence for less than 15 years. The Outing System. Athletics. Commencement. Music. Office records. Higher education. Monetary benefit of educating the Indian with statistical data of occupations of former students. Census of students of school 1908-1909 showing tribe and number of boys and girls. Index.

Pictures: Flag salute, Operating room of school hospital, boys’ ward of school hospital, typewriting class, Indian crafts, library, class room, Indians attending public schools, composing room of Carlisle Indian Press, blacksmith shop, mechanical drawing room, paint shop, tin shop, building of school warehouse, harness shop, bench work in carpentry, cement walk laying, mason’s shop, graduating class of 1909, girl on outing, girl in Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, boys on outing, graduation exercises, principal actors in “The Captain of Plymouthâ€, gym, Nez Perce Camp, Nez Perce student’s home, class entering and then leaving,
PI 2-1-1910 Annual Report for year ending 6/30/1910. M. Friedman, Supt.
Description of the student body. General health of the student body. Telegraphy department. Business department. Educational museum. Course of study. Practical training in the Fundamentals. Industrial departments. Agriculture. Improvements. Reports of bakery, blacksmith shop, carpenter shop, heating and plumbing departments, harness shop, masonry department, painting department, printing department, sewing department, stone crusher, shoe shop, tailor shop, wheelwrighting department, “first” farm, “second” farm, dairy, and poultry department. Students Work Their Way â€“ contributions of students to the school. Office records. Religious teaching. Nationalizing the Indians. Outing system – including table of students on outing in a specific trade. Commencement – including 6 day program and list of speakers. Summary of the Record of Living Graduates- including three tables #1-Employed by U.S. Government and #2-In Business, Professions, and the Industries and #3-Distribution of Graduates. Preliminary information on former students but nongraduates. Census of Students for 1909-1910 including number of boys and girls from each tribe.
Pictures: School entrance, graduating class of 1910, pupils ready to return home, home of C.M. Sickles ‘98, office of C.M. Sickles, students on outing, home of ex-student in Alaska, home of ex-student on Onandoga reservation in New York, William Hazlett ‘95 and family, home of William Hazlett at Fort Cobb in Oklahoma.

PI 2-1-1911 Annual Report for the year ending 6/30/1911. M. Friedman, Supt.
Superintendent’s commentary on the progress and current state of the American Indian. Carlisle graduates as teachers of their people- includes information on former students. Carlisle graduates n the profession â€“ including information on former students. The Carlisle boy in farming and the trades â€“ including information on former students. Carlisle graduates compete with whites â€“ including information on former students. Carlisle graduates leaders among their people â€“ including information on former students. Carlisle graduates in business for themselves â€“ including information on former students.
Carlisle girls and their influence- including information on former students. Report in the form of tables on the occupations of graduates and ex-students. Enrollment. Summer school vacation leave. Cooperation with the state. Bible study. Free lectures and entertainments. The Carlisle plan makes for independent citizenship. Story of the outing system. Industrial Training Results in Unprecedented Production. Reports of “second” farm, “first” farm, bakery, blacksmith shop, carpenter shop, heating and plumbing department, dairy, masonry department, painting department, printing department, sewing department, stone crusher, shoe shop, tailor shop, wheelwright department, poultry department, laundry, tin shop, florist, vegetable garden, business department, total value of products from industrial departments. Index.
Pictures: Homes of Omaha Indians who attended Carlisle, girls on outing, homes of ex-students, outing students, home of Dennison Wheelock ‘90, group of graduates and returned students at commencement 1911, Omaha Indians from Carlisle in business, Superintendent Friedman, Day School No. 27 on the Pine Ridge reservation, Homes of Omahas educated at Carlisle, Thomas King and family, John Frost and family, Homes of ex-students, Home and family of Benjamin Caswell ‘92, Homes of Carlisle graduates, Carlisle boys on outing, Home of the Warrens, Home of James F. Johnson ‘01, Home of William Petoskey, Home of William White.

PI 2-1-1912 Annual Report for the year ending June 30, 1912. M. Friedman, Supt.
Overall purpose and progress made by the Carlisle Indian School. Substantial results. Indians for the Indian Service. Healthy Growth in the Enrollment of Students. The Outing system. Correlation of Academic work. Library. Moral training and instruction in social hygiene. Religious teaching. Agricultural education. Physical culture and sport. Industrial and vocational training. Material improvements. Administrative improvements. Contribution of students to the school. Reports of “first” farm, “second” farm, bakery, sewing department, dairy, masonry department, heating and plumbing department, tin shop, printing department, carpenter shop, wheelwrighting department, painting department, stone crusher, shoe shop, tailor shop, poultry department, florist, vegetable garden, laundry, business department, blacksmith shop and total value of products from industrial departments. Census of students with number of boys and girls from each tribe. Table of comparative enrollment of new students since 1890. Table of contents. Throughout are drawings done by students.

PI 2-2 Annual School Calendars

Annual Calendar of the Carlisle Indian School Covering the Year 1916-1917.
List of administrative officers. Index. Daily schedules for each day of the week broken down into AM and PM. Physical culture program schedule. Sunday Forenoon details for chaperoning girls to Sunday school and other religious services. Sunday afternoon details for girls’ chaperones. Evening details for supervision of all groups. Pre-vocational academic schedule. Vocational academic schedule. Programs for pre-vocational course for both boys’ and girls’ industries. Teachers’ detail for study hour. Saturday evening program schedule. Miscellaneous events including, special programs, band and orchestra practice, teachers’ meetings, literary society meetings, and study hour. Sunday and Mid-Week religious program schedule divided into protestant and catholic. Schedule of visits to industrial departments. Inspection committees for general and weekly inspections of quarters. Rules for inspection. Visiting committees to four Literary societies. Regulations governing literary societies. Programs for commencement week.

PI 2-3 Catalogs
Pictures: Colonel Pratt; First party of Sioux girls and boys; A representative first party; Campus and student body; Campus, office, and school buildings; Band stand, dining hall, teachers’ quarters; croquet; guard house; band; boiler house; kitchen; preparing vegetables; arranging tables; cooking class; students in dining hall; bakery; removing bread from ovens; interior of printing office; type setting; press department; mailing department; tin shop-cutting and soldering; corner in tin shop; carpenter work-cabinet making; sawing and planning; repairing farm fences; coping stone fences; shoe shop-sewing tops; shoe shop-soling and finishing soles; shoe shop-repair department; tailor shop-pressing and cleaning; tailor shop-cutting; tailor shop-coat making, hand work; wagon making, woodwork section; carriage making, upholstering section; carriage painting; harness shop-sewing; harness shop-cutting parts; blacksmith shop-forge; blacksmith shop-horseshoeing; steamfitting; sewing room-measuring and cutting class; dressmaking section; corner in laundry-ironing; small boys running mangle; boys operating laundry machinery; small boys’ reading room; girls’ reading room; Y.M.C.A.; Susan Longstreth Literary Society; Standard Debating Society; Invincible Debating Society; Girls’ bedroom; boys’ bedroom; general practice in gymnasium-boys; girls’ dumbbell drill; boys’ wand drill; basket ball boys; basket ball girls; corner in dispensary-girls at work; corner in school library; normal room; normal room; first grade, adult.; second grade, adult.; third grade, out door lesson; fourth grade, drawing lesson; fourth grade; fifth grade; fifth grade, advanced; sixth grade; sixth grade, advanced; seventh grade; eighth grade; ninth grade, junior class; tenth grade, senior class; sloyd class, smallest pupils; sloyd class, advanced; art studio; music class; choir; individual lesson in instrumental music; Arbor Day exercises; tree planting; onion planting; weeding detail; school herd; farm scene; spring at farm; graduating class of 1902; track team; football team; Porto Rican group.
Brief description of the industrial departments including carpentry, blacksmithing and wagonmaking, painting, harnessmaking, tinsmithing, shoemaking, tailoring, printing, steam-heating plant, domestic science, bread making, sewing, laundry work, hospital, farming, and dairying. Description of athletics and physical culture. Description of the outing system.
Synopsis of the course of study for first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh, eighth, ninth, and tenth grades.
Record of living graduates from each class since 1889 to 1900. Parts of 1899 and 1900 are partially gone and hard to read.
Words to Susan Song. Motto and colors-probably to specific class

PI 2-3 or PI 3-3-1895(?) United States Indian School Carlisle, Pa.
64 page book on the Indian School. Gives a two page written introduction to the school which is then followed by photographs with captions.
Pictures: Entrance Avenue; View of the Campus; the Administration Building; the Girls’ Quarter; Interior of Girls’ Room; the School Building; a School Room Interior; the Art Class; the Pupil Teachers; a Music Room; the Choir; 1889 Graduating Class; 1890 Graduating Class; 1891 Graduating Class; 1892 Graduating Class; 1893 Graduating Class; 1894 Graduating Class; 1895 Graduating Class; the Guard House; Dining Room and Girls’ Industrial Hall; Dining Hall-Interior; the School Kitchen; the Small Boys’ Quarters; the Campus in Winter; the Boiler House Interior; the Large Boys’ Quarters; Bedroom-Large Boys’ Quarters; Gymnasium Interior; the Foot Ball Team; Skating on the Conedogwinet; the School Band; Group of Apaches; the Old Walnut Tree; the World’s Fair Exhibit; the Workshops; the Carpenter Shop; the Shoe Shop; the Harness Shop; the Tin Shop; the Tailor Shop; the Blacksmith Shop; the Blacksmith Shop Interior; Printing Office; Printing Office-Mailing Department; Group of Printers; the Ironing Room; the Sewing Room; the Hospital; the Farm House; the Y.M.C.A.; the Standard Debating Society; the Invincible Society; the Susan Longstreth Literary Society; the Base Ball Team; the Assembly Hall and Chapel; Indian Boys in the Country; Indian Girls in the Country; Some Carlisle Indian Girls in Their Country Homes; A Country Sabbath School; Indian Girls as Professional Nurses.

PI 2-4 1917 Yearbook
Carlisle 1917 Title- Being a presentation done in prose and verse together with illustrations of the varied activities of the United States Indian School today. SENIOR CLASS: Words to class song. Salutatory by Rhoda Fobb. Senior observations. Name, picture, tribe, claim to distinction, course, characteristic trait, pet expression, aim in life, and descriptive quote for each member of the graduating class. Class colors, motto, flower. Class officers. Acrostic by Mary Wilmet using 1917 senior class. Class calendar by Maude Cooke-commentary on each month. Article on the debate over the Monroe Doctrine. The Senior’s Farewell by A.L.B. Our Cottage by Maude Cooke and Agnes Hatch. Junior class colors, flower, motto and class officers. Second Year Vocational class colors, name, flower, and officers. First year vocational class colors, motto, flowers, and officers. Book review on Robinson Crusoe by Marion Paris. Acrostic by Lyman Madison using his name. A New England Light-Station by Lyman Madison. The Art of Weaving by Sallie Greybeard. Acrostic by Lena Parker using her name. A Reading from Homer by Lena Parker. The First Spinners by Belle Peniska. Class Prophecy by Hobson Tupper. Acrostic by Ralph Tourtillotte using his name. Senior alphabet-each letter has commentary. Valedictory by George Warrington. Religious organizations. Entertainment schedule for 1916-1917. Mechanical Arts department. Agricultural department. Athletics: Football by Captain Tibbetts; Track, Relay, Hurdles, Sprinting by Francis Ojibway; Lacrosse by Captain Miller; basketball by Edwin Miller; Tennis and other sports; Wrestling tournament by A.L. Beechtree; Boys’ gym classes by Mike Gurno; Girls’ gym club; Carlisle Indian School Athletic schedule-season 1916-1917. Carlisle 1917 â€“ the opportunities available at the school. Words to school song to the tune of “Marylandâ€. School dell.
Pictures: Hon. Cato Sells, Commissioner of Indian Affairs; O.H. Lipps-former superintendent, Clyde M. Blair-Principal, John Francis, Jr.-Superintendent, Roy H. Bradley-Director of Mechanic Arts, Matilda G. Ewig-Director of Home Economics; Members of the faculty-1917; The Academic building; Cast of characters of “The Continental Congressâ€; Signing the declaration from the “The Continental Congressâ€; Washington’s staff and Minute Men from “The Continental Congressâ€; Girls who gave the Indian operetta “The Feast of the Red Cornâ€; Tableau “Invincibleâ€; Girls of the Susan Longstreth Society in pageantry representing the “Hall of Fame on Mt. Olympusâ€; Characters in historical drama “The Woman Who Did” and others assisting in special Mercer Society Programs; Picture of Sutton, LaChappelle, and Merrill-members of the Standard Society Debaters who won in the contest with Conway Hall, on March 31; The band; The reading room in large boys’ quarters; The Mercer Literary Society -girls; The Standard Debating Society-boys; The Mercer Literary Society’s hall, The Susan Longstreth Society’s hall, The Standard Debating Society’s hall, The Invincible Debating Society’s Hall; The Susan Longstreth Literary Society-girls; The Invincible Debating Society-boys; The library; The reading room in girls’ quarters; The cadet officers’ annual picnic at Bellaire Park; Cadet officers and non-commissioned officers of the school; The skating pond; North end of campus showing girls’ tennis court and archery range; The students’ dining room; girls’ and boys’ battalion; new dining room-girls’ quarters; corner of reception room-girls’ quarters; the reading room in small boys’ quarters; Mechanic arts building; the carpenter shop; the blacksmith shop; machine shop-steamfitting and heating; the masonry department; the painting department; the shoe and harness shop; the press room-printing department; composing room and the monotype printing department; domestic science department-dining room; domestic science kitchen-academic building; the main sewing room; millinery and dress fitting department; the laundry; brood sows on pasture-dairy and piggery in rear; the agricultural club; school garden and greenhouse; dairy herd at the farm spring, showing rear of farm house and farm boys’ tennis court; varsity football team-1916 season; varsity track squad-1917; “gym” club-1917; basketball team-1917; varsity lacrosse team-1917; relay team-1917; Wilber-winner of the 100-yard dash against Dickinson;

1918 Yearbook (Last Class)
Article-”The Carlisle Indian School Taken Over by the War Department: Marks the Close of an Institution of Historic Value in the Education and Civilization of the Original American.” A Toast to Carlisle by Mrs. E.H. Foster. Salutatory by Sadie Metoxen. Class of 1918 colors, motto, flower, and emblem. Class officers. Quotation by Van Dyke. Short write up on Lietenant John Francis, Jr.-superintendent of Carlisle from 4/1/1017 to 7/2/1918. From Day to Day by Sadie L. Metoxen. Class Roast: Being a characterization of the class of 1918 as they are known by their fellow students. Class prophecy-1918. The Spirit of Giving by Mary Largen. Valedictory by Harry Kohpay, Jr. Words of Class Song-1918. Carlisle’s The School for Me Words by Ora Knight and music by Verna Dunagan. Be a Carlisle Student by Frank Verigan.
Pictures: Lilies-of-the-Valley; panorama of the school; Lietenant John Francis, Jr.; Pictures of each member of the graduating class with characterizing quote; Patiently waiting, a celebrated quartet, down grade, just posing; teasing again, just looking pleasant, bobcat; on the bandstand with teacher, studying on the way to domestic science, smiles kill many ills, on my sole; volunteers in Uncle Sam’s service, on my way to school, “I’se so Cooteâ€, she and her doll, half-and-half, an Alaskan frame-up, You’ll know me by my smile, watching the game; a grin that won’t come off, good morning, on the rock of hope, sending an S.O.S., the poet making a home run; a handful of mews, the scare of those hands, the four literary societies holding a joint meeting, invincible alert-susan, standard, and mercer caught napping, me and my pets (all 5 of kittens). Carlisle girls in the colonial figure of the minuet given on the green as a special feature of the commencement exercises with names. The same girls in the graceful circle movements of the old-time minuet. Tableau composed of the historical characters represented in the pageant “Feudalism to Freedom” with names. The band-1918. Group in “A Scrap of Paper” episode 2 in “Feudalism to Freedom” with names. Group in “Feudalism to Freedomâ€-representative of the year 1621 with names. Hospital staff with names. Winning Troop F of the boys’ battalion and their officers. Winning Company C of the girls’ battalion; basketball team-1918; lacrosse team-1918; Carlisle track men-1918; baseball team-1918; Carlisle students in Liberty Loan Parade; The Agricultural club-1918; Cadet commissioned officers of the student battalion-1918; Color sergeants with names; The S.L.L.S.; The Invincible Debating Society; The Mercer Literary Society; The Standard Debating Society;

PI 2-5 Annual Examinations

Carlisle Indian School: The Printed Program of the Sixth Annual Examination, May 6 1885.
Program which included singing and recitation and other displays of acquired knowledge. Includes the names of participating students. Speeches by a few students. Discussion on “Should the Indians be farmers or stock-raisers”

PI 2-7 Invincible Debating Society Yearbook 1915-1916
Words to the Invincible Song. Motto and colors. Officers and members. The Invincible calendar. Letter by Mr. Henry Standing Bear, a founding member, Class of 1891 to Mr. Donald McDowell. Origin of the Society by Frank Janis, a founding member. The Annual Debate by J.M.L. includes question, positions, and summary of occurrences. The Invincibles as Athletes. Music by G.F. The Standards with officers and summary by E.J.W. The Mercers with officers and summary by E.J.W. Invincible Alumni Who are Making Good which includes information on former students. The Invincibles Youngest Member by A.L.B. Invincibles Today by J.M.M. About Our Sisters the Susans with officers and summary by D.M.D. Words to Susan Song, motto, and colors. Poems and quotes throughout yearbook.
Pictures: The Invincible Debating Society May 1916; The Invincible Debating Team with names; Peter Houser; Albert A. Exendine; Antonio Lubo â€˜04; Dr. Caleb Sickles ‘98; Robertson Denny; Sallie Graybeard; Susan Debaters;

PI 2-8 Miscellaneous

PI 2-8-1979 2 copies
Dickinson College Library Special Collections: Guide to Research Materials on the Carlisle Indian School in the Dickinson College Library. List and Index of Indian Students who attended Dickinson College.
Summary of the collection at the Dickinson College Library. List of correspondence with date and annotations. List of pamphlets with annotations and date. Books with bibliographic information and call number. Miscellaneous holdings with call number including Indian School publications and newspaper articles. Photographs postcards, single, and group photographs.
List of Indian students who attended Dickinson College, Its Preparatory School, or Law School. Name, years attended, what school, hometown. List has some errors as Indian status based on home address at either Indian school or on reservation, but some nonIndians living there were likely included. Alphabetical listing of students who attended one of the schools, dates, and which school.
Girls- Eva Foster, Alice Denomie, Claudia McDonald.

PI 2-8-1 Outing Request Form
Outing request form dated Nov. 8, 1910 to M. Friedman, Supt. from Alice M. Bellanger (sp?) includes other small paper with her name, a time, the name Harry F. Matter of Rutledge, PA, and “will be met at Broad St. stationâ€-possible info about her outing patron.

PI 2-8
Student Admissions Application used before Aug 15, 1901. Asks for name, tribe, and age of students. Requires permission from a guardian with their relationship to student.
Souvenir Song: Dedicated to Capt. R.H. Pratt by Carlisle Devotees to the tune of the Old Oaken Bucket.
Outing Rules. Signed by student Rachel Long and patron George M. Diffenderfer on Feb. 18, 1907.
Modern typing of outing rules.
FWProgrammer-Publication by the Carlisle Barracks Federal Women’s Program Committee. Dec/Mar 1982 issue. Dedication of Anne Ely Hall. Anne Ely was a teacher at the Carlisle Indian school. It is the first building on the barracks to be named after a civilian and a woman.
A Preliminary Inventory of Material in US Army Military History Research Collection Pertaining to Carlisle. Compiled by William Watson, Pvt. 1971. Includes books and Indian school publications.
Page from the Carlisle Arrow Vol II No 1 p.5 1914.
Modern typing of Student Admission Application
Memo on the appointment of Mr. Norman Egolf to Dairyman at the Indian School signed by Commissioner Leupp. Sept. 13, 1906. On reverse are rules for Indian School service.

PI 2-9 Synopsis of the Course of Study for the Indian Industrial School at Carlisle, Pa.
No date. Course of study for grades 1 through 10. Includes language (oral and written), history (includes civics) and literature, science (nature), form and number, and music and drawing. Different topics for each grade level.

PI 3-3 Hatlo’s They’ll Do It Every Time. Hatlo’s History: The Carlisle Indian School Football Team Goes on the Warpath During the University of Pennsylvania Gameâ€¦.Philadelphia, 1910. also 2 photocopies
Cartoon depicting the Indian school team being penalized by the officials for off-sides and “going on the warpath” because they were upset at the call. Language of the Indian players is typical “Indian-speak” and war whoops.
PI 3-3 Introduction of Domestic Reindeer into Alaska. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Education, Alaska Division, Washington D.C. January 2, 1893.
Connection to the Indian school is unclear. The book discusses the plans to introduce domesticated reindeer into Alaska. It discusses how it can be done and the benefits it would have, including the benefits to the natives of the area. Among some torn pages which do NOT belong to the book are a picture of the superintendent of the Indian school that is unidentifiable because the head is torn off. Also there is a page from a photobook of the Indian school showing some student nurses and students at a Sabbath School.

PI 3-3-1978 List of articles presented to the Cumberland County Historical Society by Mr. Arthur R. Martin on March 17, 1978. Mr. Martin was Pop Warner’s Secretary from 1910 to 1915.
List is the same as that shown to be addressed to the Faculty of the Morris Room with the exception that the letter from Richard Henry Pratt is not included but a copy of the Course of Study for the Indian Schools of the United States is.

PI 3-3-1978 Letter from James W. Garvie to Elizabeth Duran of Niagara University, NY. July 31, 1978.
Garvie attended the Carlisle Indian school. He talks about people he knew both at the school and at Haskell. He also talks about his time playing the trumpet with other Indian musicians, including playing for FDR’s first inaugural ball. He seems to focus on Tuscarora’s, perhaps because Duran inquired about them. Included in the letter is a list of the members of the graduating class of 1915 of which Garvie was a member.

PI 3-3-1978 “Lucy Prettyeagle” by K. Smith, Carlisle Senior High School, Carlisle, Pa., February 27, 1978.
Thesis: In four decades, many Indian students passed through the Carlisle Indian School, but the legend of Lucy Prettyeagle has kept her here.
Interesting paper about Lucy Prettyeagle who came to Carlisle from the Rosebud agency in 1883 and died four months latter. The paper tells what little is known about Lucy before her arrival at Carlisle, discusses the mystery of the date of her death, and the curious hauntings that have been noticed in the building in which Lucy had spent her few brief months at Carlisle.

PI 3-3 Pages from a book containing photographs with captions related to the Carlisle Indian School. 2 copies.
Pictures: Day School No. 27 on the Pine Ridge Reservation; Omaha Indians from Carlisle in Business; Mrs. Juliet Smith, nursing student; Otoe Woman, Oklahoma in native dress; Cross Country Team 1911; Louis Tewanima; Homes of Omahas Educated at Carlisle; James Thorpe-Football captain, Gus Welch-Track captain, Alex Arcasa-Lacrosse captain, Joel Wheelock-Basketball captain; Football team 1911.
PI 3-3 Page from a book containing two pictures.
Picture of the entrance gates of the school and picture of a flag salute by the student body.

Unmarked page from a book containing three pictures.
Picture of the Carlisle Indian Band with handwriting pointing out James Wheelock. Picture of the Carlisle Football Team. Picture of the Carlisle Boys in the Boiler Shop-Representing Nine Different Tribes.

PI 3-3-1886 Letter from the Acting Secretary of the Treasury transmitting Letter of Secretary of the Interior relative to improvement of the Indian Industrial School at Carlisle, Pa. 49th Congress, 1st session, Ex. Doc. No. 192. Referred 6/29/1886.
2 copies
Discusses the appropriation of $37,500 for improvements to the school including the acquisition of the neighboring Parker farm, a new large boys’ dormitory, a school barn, and some other improvements. A letter from Pratt explaining the need for the new facilities is included at part of the document.
PI 3-3-1890 Letter from the Secretary of the Treasury, transmitting an estimate from the Secretary of the Interior for buildings, walks, and fences at the Indian School, Carlisle, Pa. 51st Congress, 1st session, Ex. Doc. No. 221.
Referred 2/20/1890. 2 copies.
Discusses the appropriation of $19,080 to construct buildings, walks, and fences at the Indian School. The buildings to be constructed are a barn on the school farm, a store-house, and a blacksmith and wagon shop. A letter for Pratt explaining the need for the appropriation is included as part of the document.

PI 3-3-1890 Letter from the Secretary of the Treasury, transmitting an estimate from the Secretary of the Interior, for buildings for the Indian School, Carlisle, Pa. 51st Congress, 1st session, Ex. Doc. No. 285. Referred 3/19/1890. 2 copies.
Discusses the appropriation of about $15,000 to construct a small girls’ dormitory and to pay off a debt of $5,000 still owed from the construction of the large boys’ quarters and the gymnasium. Letter from Pratt explaining the need for the funds.

PI 3-3-1909 Photocopy of an article from June 30, 1909 entitled “23 Indians in Guard House For a Night”
The article was written to dispel rumors that several students had escaped from the guardhouse when imprisoned. 23 members of the band were placed in the guardhouse for a night because they did not show up to play for the flag salute as a result of a supposed misunderstanding. The students, says Supt. Friedman, were released the next day and none had escaped but that 13 had gone home having completed their courses.
PI 3-3-1977 The Alumni Quarterly. Bloomsburg State College, Bloomsburg, Pa 17815. September 1977. Vol. 78, No. 1.
Article about Susie Rayos Marmon who attended the Carlisle Indian School and then went to receive teaching training at what was then the Bloomsburg State Normal School. She returned to teach at Carlisle for a year before being sent back to New Mexico to teach. She taught for several years before her marriage and then once her children were grown. Recognized as being a valuable source of Indian lore, she was tape recorded by the Southern Pueblos Agency to preserve her memories. She had also appeared on local television. Many members of the Laguna area attribute their success to her dedication. The publication of this information was spurred by a request by Radcliff College who was considering including her in their publication “Notable American Women.â€

PI 3-3-1977 Letter from James W. Garvie to Dr. Elizabeth C. Duran of Niagara University, NY. November 29, 1977.
Letter introducing Garvie to Duran, apparently she had contacted him for information regarding the Carlisle Indian School. The letter discusses Garvie’s coming to Carlisle and a few aspects of the school he recalls. He welcomes Duran or one of her associates to come and speak with him regarding the school and suggests a visit to the school grounds. He enclosed a copy of his father’s ordination as a Congregational minister.

PI 3-3-1918 The Indian School Journal. Issued Monthly by the U.S. Indian School Chilocco, Oklahoma and Printed by Indians. September 1918. Vol. 19, No. 1
Contains and article entitled, “The Passing of Carlisle” by Oscar H. Lipps, Chief Supervisor of Indians Schools and Formerly Superintendent of the Carlisle Indian School. Photo of Pratt before the article. Discusses the history of the school, partially through Pratt’s own words. Has a panoramic picture of the school grounds and a picture of the students passing the Treasury building in the Flag Day parade, Washington, June 14, 1916.

PI 3-3-1966 Spectrum. Summer 1966, vol. 14, no. 3.
Article entitled, “Montezuma, M.D.” Details Montezuma’s life beginning in boyhood and ending with his death back on the reservation after living the majority of his life among whites. Carlos Montezuma was bought by a white man who educated him and he earned his medical degree at the age of 21. He was the resident physician at the Carlisle Indian School for a time and was encouraged in his activism by Pratt, who he admired. Montezuma was active in the Society of American Indians and published his own small magazine, Wassaja, from 1916-1921.

PI 3-3-1912 American Indians, Chained and Unchained. Being an Address before the Pennsylvania Commander of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion at the Union League, Philadelphia, October 23, 1912. Entitled “One of General Sheridan’s Ways with Indians and What Came of It.” Supplemented by an address to The Society of American Indians at their Annual Convention in Columbus, Ohio October 5, 1912 on “The Solution of the Indian Problem” both by R.H. Pratt, Brig. Gen., U.S.A.
“One of General Sheridan’s Ways with Indians and What Came of It.” Discusses the very beginnings of how through General Sheridan’s Indian policy Pratt became in charge of Indian prisoners in Florida and therefore wrapped up in Indian Education. He discusses how this eventually led to Carlisle, how Carlisle was established, what was undertaken at the school, and how it served as a model for other schools.
“The Solution of the Indian Problem.” Discusses Pratt’s view on the past, current, and future prospects of the Indians and what he sees as necessary for their proper position in the country.

PI 3-3-1963 Congressional Record of the Proceedings and Debates of the 88th Congress, 1st session. vol. 109, no. 42. Washington, Monday, March 18, 1963.

Goodling talks about the Carlisle Indian school being put on the National Register of Historic Places and then asks that remarks by Major General William F. Train, commanding general of the Carlisle Barracks, made on the occasion be read into the congressional record. The House agrees and Train’s speech which talks about the history of the barracks is read into the record.

PI 3-3-1911 Association Men: The Magazine of the Young Men’s Christian Association. August 1911.
Picture of the Carlisle Indian School Y.M.C.A. on front cover. Several articles related to Indians are in the issue.
“The Young American Indian of To-day” by M. Friedman, Supt. Carlisle Indian School. This article talks about the progress that the Indians have been making. Pictures of Supt. Friedman; The Cabinet of the Chillaco Indian School Association; Missionaries Riggs and Williamson.
“Indian Young Men of Purpose” by H.B. Peairs, Commissioner of Indian Affairs. Gives examples, without names, of Indian young men who have been successful in the eyes of Mr. Peairs. Pictures: The Sioux General Committee with the State President and Secretary; Members of the Haskell Institute Indian Student Association; One of the Seven Log Cabin Association Buildings Erected by the Indians.
“Progress Made by the Indian” by Robert D. Hall, Indian Secretary. Discusses the physical, intellectual, and moral progress of the Indian. Recognizes the degenerative effects that contact with some whites had. Pictures: Hall; Lacrosse; The Progress of the Indian in his Dwelling; The New and The Old.
“A â€˜Help Me’ Meeting.” Activities that occurred at the Canada Indian Association convention held in Pipestone, Manitoba. Pictures: The Conference Speakers and Delegates; Chief and President Carry-the-Kettle, Chief and Leader George Bone, Conference Leader W.J. Green, John Bunn; Stephen Jones in baseball game between the white and the red men.
“A â€˜Then’ and â€˜Now’ Indian Photograph” by Indian Missionary She-go-wi-eh, Tunesassa, NY. The progress that the Tunesassa from the Allegheny Reservation have made over the last several years with the help of the Y.M.C.A. Pictures of the Tunesassa Indian Association building and officers.
“A Degenerate Scholar-a Regenerate Indian.” Stories of morality and choosing right from wrong. Moral of the story is that a person can be learned but still chose the wrong path, but someone does not necessarily need a lofty education to be a good Christian man.

PI 3-3-1980 “Carlisle Indian School After Pratt: 1904-1918” prepared for the Cumberland County Historical Society, presented April 10, 1980. by Elizabeth Duran
Summarized the beginnings of Carlisle. Discusses Pratt’s growing conflict with the government and humanitarians. Traces the decline of Carlisle that began slowly at Pratt’s dismissal. Summarizes the change in education policy that occurred, including the introduction of Indian culture into the curriculum. Discusses the events leading up to the closing of the school.

PI 3-3-1917 “The Carlisle Indian School” paper read before the Hamilton Library Association, Carlisle, Pa. and the Historical Society of Cumberland County, Pa. Dec. 14, 1917 by Miss Mildred E. Masonheimer. The paper was awarded one of two prizes.
Paper written by a Carlisle High School student. Is an overall history of the school from it earliest beginnings in Pratt’s head up to the time the paper was written. Has a reference page which includes conversations with individual connected to the school.

PI 3-3-1963 Program for the Carlisle Indian School Presentation Ceremony of a National Landmark Plague and Certificate to the Carlisle Barracks, Pa. on March 14, 1963.
Program for the ceremony. Brief history of the school. Pictures of the Chiricahua-Apache children on their arrival at Carlisle and then 4 months later.

PI 3-3-1963 Public announcement from the Public Information Office of the U.S. Army War College on the designation of the Indian School as a National Historic Landmark by the U.S. Department of the Interior. Mar 14, 1963. No. 142-63
Description of the ceremony. Brief history of the school.

PI 3-3-1963 The U.S. Army War College and Carlisle Barracks, PA: A Brief Narrative.
Booklet on the history of the U.S. Army War College. A very brief discussion of the Carlisle Indian School is included in the history of the Carlisle Barracks.

PI 3-3-1973 Notes to the Faculty from The Morris Room at Dickinson College. Dec. 1973.
Acquisitions related to the Indian school. Letters from Richard Henry Pratt to Dr. C. R. Agnew from 1883-1888. Two books used for the Hygiene class at the Indian school with bookcover. 1903 Commencement pamphlet. Eight clippings from newspapers related to the Indian school. Photocopy of a comic about the Indian school football team from 1967. Invitation to the 200th anniversary of the Carlisle barracks in 1957 to Mr. Martin. Two photographs and a letter related to Thorpe. A 1927 letter by Mr. Martin about the Carlisle Indian school. Notes by Mr. Martin about the Indian school. 3 postcards related to the Indian school.

PI 3-3-1979 “The Carlisle Indian School” speech delivered by Dr. Milton Flower on October 18, 1979 at the Dickinson School of Law. 2 copies
Brief history of the school. Includes a little about the reaction of the citizens of Carlisle to the school. Flower’s family had outing students in their home and he talks about that experience briefly. He mentions the athletics teams and the large photograph collection of the school in the CCHS. He also addresses the causes for the school’s decline.

PI 3-3-1982 List of persons buried in the Indian School Cemetery, Carlisle Barracks. Furnished by the U.S. Military History Institute. April 26, 1982.
Lists the name, tribe, and date of death for each individual. The list is broken down into plots, A, B, C, D, E, and F. There are a total of 227 graves listed. 14 are unknown. 187 are from the period of the Indian School, including 10 of the unknown graves. The first student buried there appears to have been Amos LaFarmboise, Sioux, in 1879 and the last was Wallace Derryman in 1910. This is based on dates given, although some lack a death date and so may have been earlier or later.

PI 3-3-1963 U.S. Army War College Folder with the name Mr. D. Wilson Thompson imprinted on the front.
Folder contains copies of 5 photographs of the ceremony at which the Carlisle Indian school was placed on the National Historic Landmark register. The folder also contains a brochure about the Army War College and a map of the grounds.

PI 3-2-1960 “The Poet, the Bums, and the Legendary Red Men” v 12. no. 17, Feb 15, 1960, p.74-84. by Robert Cantwell
Article on Marianne Moore, who taught at Carlisle from 1911 to 1915. The article not only discusses Moore’s life at the school, including some of her comments about the students, but also gives a general history of the school. Emphasis placed on the athletic program and includes Moore’s remembrances of Thorpe. Also some reaction by Moore as a girl who partially grew up in Carlisle. Cantwell makes the interesting argument that the athletes created a common myth that all the students at the school could share despite any tribal differences. Overall a well-written article.

PI 3-3-1936 “The Carlisle Indian School and Cemetery” by Elizabeth Parkinson Hoffman. Paper.
The paper briefly traces the history of the Barracks prior to the Indian School being located there. She then discusses the establishment of the school. Names of some of the famous attendants of the school are listed. She then discusses the closing of the school and the later removal of the cemetery to different portion of the grounds. Included is a copy of the letter she received from the Barracks headquarters explaining the removal. She mentions the names of some of the students buried there, including Thomas Marshall for whom she quotes an obituary of sorts that appeared in the April 28, 1899 Indian Helper. She also makes mention of the memorial erected near Pratt’s grave by some of the former students.

PI 3-3-1908 Information Concerning the United States Indian Industrial School at Carlisle, Penna. Containing a Brief Outline of What it Is, and What it is Accomplishing: 1879-29th Year-1908. Published by the School. Printed by Indian Apprentices. 4 copies some have insert with Moses Friedman as Superintendent.
Lists of Officers of Administration and Instruction with name and position. Discusses the different formats of Indian Education: Mission Schools, Day Schools, Reservation Schools, and Non-Reservation Schools, including Carlisle particularly. The history of Carlisle and the Barracks. The buildings and equipment of the school. Religious policy of the school. The various parts of Industrial training: carpentry; blacksmithing; carriage and wagon making; coach painting and trimming; painting; plumbing and steam fitting; plumbing; tailoring; harness-making; shoemaking; plastering, masonry, bricklaying, and cementing; tin shop; the printery; photography; the kitchen; bakery; the dining hall; agriculture; sewing; the laundry; horticulture and green house work; poultry raising and dairying; dairying; supply department; health department. Academic department: General suggestions regarding programme, morals and manners, elocutionary work and literary societies, evening programs, industrial talks, chapel exercises, teachers’ meetings, our normal training department, religious calendar. Synopsis of the course of study and departmental work. Descriptions of the different classes: Language; Arithmetic; Elementary Science; Physiology and Hygiene; Agriculture; Reading and Literature; History; Civics; Music. Descriptions of other aspects of the school: Athletics; Physical Culture; Library; Comparison of Carlisle to other institutions; The Department of Native Art; Loyalty of Students and Ex-students; The Outing System; Outing Rules and form; School Government divided into boys and girls; Daily Routine; Data Regarding Students and Ex-Pupils. List of each graduating class, its members and their tribe-those dead listed at the end of each class.
Pictures: Panorama of Grounds; Major W.A. Mercer, 11th Cavalry, Supt. at desk; Hon. James R. Garfield, Secretary of the Interior; Hon. Francis E. Leupp, Commissioner of Indian Affairs; Major W.A. Mercer, portrait; Buildings: dining hall, Leupp studio, girls’ quarters, administration building, guard house, large boys’ quarters; Buildings: administration building, small boys’ quarters, academic building, teachers’ quarters; Leupp Indian Art Studio-5 pictures; Auditorium: school building, curtain, Minnehaha Falls, parlor, chapel; Painting-5 pictures; Shoemaking and Harnessmaking- 3 pictures each; carpentering and steam fitting- 2 pictures each; carriage making and blacksmithing- 3 pictures total; Academic class room work and nature study- 4 pictures total; Academic class work- 4 pictures; Hospital- 5 pictures; Societies: Y.M.C.A., Susan Longstreths, Invincibles, Standards; Tailoring and dressmaking- 2 pictures each; Laundry: laundry, washing, mangling, ironing; Bakery- 5 pictures; Boiler House; Printer (untitled); Gymnastics: Boys’ wand drill, Gymnastics instructor Alfred B. Venne, Heavy Gymnastics-boys, bowling alley, gymnasium, trophy hall; Gymnastics: girls’ dumb bell drill, girls’ basket ball, boys’ gymnastic drill, boys’ drill squad, German extension work; Athletics: Director of Athletics Glenn S. Warner, Base-ball team, Track team, Foot-ball team, Indian field, on the field; Athletics: Hemlock, Jude, Mitchell, Sundown, Exendine, Thomas, Start Two Mile Run Class Day 1907; Horticulture and Landscape Gardening; A Lesson in Agriculture; Band (untitled); Girls’ Mandolin Club; Original First Party; Graduating Class of 1906; Boys in the Country Under Outing System: cultivating corn, harvesting, operating field rake, dairy hands, Indian boys country home; Girls Outing: kitchen scene, flower gardening, dining room scene, at home on the veranda, country school house; the printers.

PI 3-3-1911 Carlisle and the Red Men of Other Days-From The Red Man. By George P. Donehoo, D.D. Printed by Indian school students.
Describes the historic presence of the Indians in the Carlisle area and their interaction with the white civilization. Discusses the historical significance of Carlisle in general.
Takes the story of the Indians and Carlisle all the way up to the arrival of the Indian school students. Declares the “Red Man” to be the truest patriot.
Pictures: Road to South Mountain; Gap in South Mountain; Site of Fort Louther; Old Bridge over the Conedogwinet; the (Appalachian) trail at Chambersburg; the Conedogwinet; LeTort’s Spring; Cave; Parkway of the Indian school campus; School campus looking north; the Spring on the school farm; School building;

PI 3-4 Information on other Indian schools

PI 3-4-1978to1980 Bacone College Annual Bulletin 1978-1980.
Bacone College, which was first opened in 1880, is located in Oklahoma and at the time of the publication was 60% Native American. The rest of the student population being black or white. It is known for its emphasis on Native American Indian Studies. The bulletin talks about all aspects of the college including courses, student organizations, etc.

Pamphlet entitled “Out of a Proud and Courageous Past”
Discusses the school’s connection with the Native American community and how it is specially designed to help Native American students overcome the boundaries preventing them from attended regular colleges and universities. It talks about language, special programs, and an emphasis on heritage and culture.

Pamphlet on scholarships.
Lists the various scholarships that are available for attending the college and the requirements for application.

PI 3-5 Pamphlets about Indians in general and miscellaneous related material

PI 3-5 Pages from a book. Pages entitled “Education of Indians” by Capt. R.H. Pratt, in Public Opinion.
Details Pratt’s views on how to solve the Indian problem. Details four steps: Knowledge of the language, skill in an industry, civilization, education. Pratt states the Indian has not inherent qualities that separate him from other men. Believes that all these qualities can grow together.

PI 3-5-1918 The Chilocco Senior Class Annual 1918. Published by the Senior Class of the U.S. Indian School, Chilocco, Oklahoma.
Pictures of graduates with hometown, tribe, honors, course, pet phrase, ambition, and descriptive quote. Salutatory by Louise Downing. The Outlook for the Indians of Oklahoma by Louis Downing. Found!A Gold Mine by Rosalind Sears. Electricity by Eddy Randolph. Class prophecy by Bessie Yellowfish. Domestic Science in the Indian Home by Clara Root. The Values of Music by Agnes H. Riley. Why I am a Printer by Garnett Mosely. What Domestic Art Means to Us by Medora Cooper. Valedictory-”Over the Top” by Clarence Childers. The Seniors’ Will by Ruth F. Lazelle. Chart about the graduates including name, nickname, disposition, occupation, pet phrase, favorite song, and summary. Organizations: Hiawatha Literary Society by Helen Mitchell; Soangetaha Literary Society by Jesse Whitetree; Sequoyah Literary Society by Eddy Randolph; Minnehaha Literary Society by Agnes Riley; Chilocco Red Cross; Y.M.C.A.; Y.W.C.A. Song- “An Ode to the Juniors” by Minnie McKinzie. Poem acrostic of Chilocco. Poems-”Class of’18” by Edna I. Martin; “Dear School” by Agnes Riley; “Senior Class” by Louis Downing. Class song by Louise Downing. Toast to Our Teachers by Clara Root. Doings at Chilocco by Minnie McKinzie. Finale.
Pictures: Haworth Hall, School Building; Hon. Franklin K. Lane, Sec. of Interior; Hon. Cato Sells, Comm. of Indian Affairs; Oscar H. Lipps, Supervisor of Indian Schools and temporarily in charge of Chilocco; Edgar A. Allen, Superintendent of Chilocco from 4/1/11 to 3/31/18; E.A. Porter, Principal and Teacher of Agriculture; Jessie W. Cook, English; Gertrude Tyer, Science and Mathematics; Louise Wallace, Music; Cartoon of student turned soldier capturing a German soldier; Forest Scene in “As You Like Itâ€; Bridal chorus from “The Rose Maidenâ€; Home one-large boys’ dormitory; Home two-small boys’ dormitory; Home Three-small girls’ dormitory; Home four-large girls’ dormitory; Chilocco’s New Administrative Building; Signatures of seniors; Drawing â€“ the Indian, a senior’s great-grandfather; Base ball squad, 1918; Basket ball squad, 1917-1918; Comic of senior carpenter, senior farmer, senior athlete, senior girl. Cartoons entitled “the Indian and the Kaiser-â€˜I’ve Got Him on the Run’” and “When â€˜Sticky’ Plays â€˜Over the Top’.”

PI 3-5 Transcript of bulletin from Capt. John Brady to Capt. Robert Callender from Shippensburg on March 26, 1764 regarding the Indian Raid of 1764. From “The Papers of Col. Henry Boquet Series 21650 Part I.”
Discusses the damage from the raid including the captives. Also discusses what property was damaged. Makes estimates at the size of the war party. Three war clubs were forwarded to Colonel Bouquet to see if he could identify the tribe.

PI 3-5 Pennsylvania Archaeologist. Vol. 51, No. 4. December 1981. “A Map of 18th Century Indian Towns in Pennsylvania”
Descriptions and maps of 18th century Indian town locations in Pennsylvania are compiled onto one map with references to the various source materials. Table of place names that have Indian derivation. Most are located near rivers. Some pictures of artifacts related to the Indians of Pennsylvania.

PI 3-5 Touching Leaves Indian Crafts by Nora Thompson Dean. Catalog #6, 1974.
Catalog of traditional Lenape (Delaware) clothing from both around 1900 and around 1600. Gives a description of each article and a price. Records, tapes, and books are also listed with descriptions. Address and phone number of the business are shown.

PI 3-5 “Iroquois Anthropology at the Mid-Century” by William N. Fenton and John Witthoft. Reprinted from Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, Vol. 95, No. 3, June 1951. Reprints in Anthropology from the Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission, No. 3.
Contains two of the studies from the Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society that relate to the Iroquois. The first article on Iroquois Studies at the Mid-Century discusses the status of Iroquois studies and what has been done recently in the field in terms of research, results, needs, horizons, and support (articles categorization). It discusses sources of information and has a references section. The second article discusses the relationship between Iroquois archaeology and ethnography and the pros and cons of its separation and conjunction. No references section.

PI 3-5 Paper – A Pictorial History of Colonel James Smith (Indian Jimmie).
Smith was captured by the Indians and lived five years among them before escaping. He also led a rebellion that forced the British to evacuate Fort Loudon years prior to the revolutionary war. Includes some family history and the story of how James Smith got into the situation that led to his capture. Pictures related to James Smith and his family throughout text with captions from James Smith’s autobiographical work. Includes a bibliography.

PI 3-5 Preliminary Inventory of the Pueblo Records Created by Field Offices of the Bureau of Indian Affairs. Compiled by Robert Svenningsen. Washington: National Archives & Records Service, 1980. Record Group 75.
Information on the holdings of the National Archives that relate to Indian schools in the Southwest. General records on the Pueblo and Jicarilla Agencies is included. The schools that are referenced are: Albuquerque Indian School, Santa Fe Indian School, Pueblo Day School at Santa Fe, Pueblo Indian Day Schools, and Laguna Sanatorium. The Agencies that are referenced are: Cimarron and Abiquiu (Jicarilla) Agencies, Zuni Indian Agency, Pueblo Indian Agency, Northern Pueblos Agency, Southern Pueblos Agency, United Pueblos Agency, and various Pueblo jurisdictions. Entries include background of the school and description of the holdings.

PI 3-5 “Kohockun Springs Indian Village Was Located Near Carlisle” by Charles G. Beetem, Archivist, Carlisle, Pa. Marked circa 1950. Several copies.
Talks about the history of Indian settlement near Carlisle. Makes a case for Kohockun Spring having been occupied by the Shawnee instead of an earlier tribe like the Tuscaroras. Discusses the importance of fresh water in determining likely locations for Indian settlement.

PI 3-5 “Our Forlorn Indians” at Lake Mohonk. October 19, 1916. by Gen. Pratt.
Pratt’s speech at the conference during which he attacks the reservation and segregation of the Indians. He chooses to specific examples from California where the Bureau’s policies were obviously detrimental to the welfare of the Indians. He makes several negative comments regarding the Board of Indian Commissioners and his clear distain at their lack of activity and unsavory tactics.

PI 3-5 “Perspective-Indian Education” in Capitol City Report. Oklahoma Indian Affairs Commission. Summer 1980.
Article discussing the history of Indian education theory. Suggests that in the past Indian culture has been ignored in Indian education and so the education has not been very successful. It suggests that by education the Indians based on subject matter that is familiar and important to them as Indians will aid in their education. An interesting quote from an Iroquois of 1774 against white ideas of education is included in the article.

PI 3-6 Traveling information of the Carlisle Students.

PI 3-6 United States of America Passport of Antonio Apache. Lists his occupation as an anthropologist. The passport was for Mexico/Lower California stating the reason for travel as land interests. The passport includes a personal description. At the time Apache was 42 years old. He had been born in 1877, therefore, the year was 1919. A photograph is included. The stamped date of the document is unreadable. Includes passport cover.

PI 3-6 Copy of a page from the Indian Helper from September 24, 1897 Vol XII, No. 50 showing that Antonio Apache was visiting the school.

PI 3-6 Letter from R.H. Pratt to Antonio dated Oct. 11, 1896. The letter is on Pratt’s letterhead from the Carlisle Indian School.
Letter requesting Antonio’s attendance at the Lake Mohonk Indian Conference. Apparently Antonio had spoken at a Carlisle commencement and Pratt wished him to make similar statements to the Conference to help the cause. He pleads with him persistently to come to the conference and offers to cover any of his expenses.

PI 3-6 Letter from R.H. Pratt to Antonio Apache, Field Columbian Museum, Chicago. Carlisle, Pa., February 12, 1896.
Letter asking Apache and Dr. Montezuma to attend the Carlisle Indian School commencement. Apparently Apache desired to write about the school and Pratt felt a visit would be helpful. He also states that he has enclosed a copy of the New England Magazine which contained an article on Carlisle.

PI 3-6 Letter from R.H. Pratt to Antonio Apache, Columbian Field Museum, Chicago, Ill. Carlisle Pa., April 22, 1896.
Pratt planned to visit Chicago with his daughter, Nana, and asked if Apache would like to meet with him. He also asked that he bring Dr. Montezuma, Miss Choteau, and Norman Cassadore with him. Pratt also asks if Apache and Montezuma would like to accompany Pratt on his tour of several Indian Agencies which he is visiting both to recruit students for the school and to observe what is going on at the agencies.

PI 3-6 Letter from R.H. Pratt to Antonio Apache, P.O. Box 2367, Boston Mass. Carlisle, Pa., August 26, 1897.
Pratt asks Apache to come to Carlisle to get instructions and means to go to Fort Apache and San Carlos to recruit students. Pratt mentions that he will be at Leavenworth, Ka. taking his exam for promotion to major and so Mr. Standing will give Apache what he needs.

PI 3-6 Letter from A.J. Standing to Mr. Antonio Apache. Carlisle, Pa., Sept. 24, 1897.
Directions for Apache’s trip west to gather students. Gives guidelines for what students are to be recruited, directions for having them examined and getting parental permission. Also discusses his expenses and arrangements for getting the students home. Standing also suggests that Apache go to Ft. Defiance and determine if it would be worthwhile to stay and try to recruit some Navajo students.

PI 3-6 Voucher for Traveling Expenses. Nov. 24, 1897.
Voucher for $225.05 cash signed by Pratt and apparently given to Antonio Apache to pay for all the expenses he incurred while out West recruiting pupils. Most of the monies were for meals, lodging, and transportation. Does show expenses for coffee bought for students and expenses paid to the parents of two boys to come to the agent to give permission for their sons to be transferred to the Indian school.

PI 3-6 Letter from A.C. Sittel, United States Marshal. April 15, 1925.
Note of recommendation for Antonio Apache vouching for his “high character, honest[y], and trustworthy[ness].” States that any favors done him would be appreciated.

PI 3-6 Letter from Estelle Reel to Mr. Antonio Apache, Care of Prof. Putnam, Peabody Museum, Cambridge, Mass. Washington, D.C., March 23, 1898.
Reel writes to Apache regarding her candidacy for the position of Superintendent of Indian Schools in the event that Dr. Hailmann is “not to be retainedâ€, which she says she knows he will not be. She says that the “Cuban trouble” has prevented the President from making an appointment sooner. There are many others in line for the job but she feels that she is particularly qualified because of her experience in education and business as County Superintendent, State Superintendent, and Register of the State Board of Land Commissioners. She seems to be writing for Apache’s opinion on her pursuing the position. She also regrets not having seen Apache when he was in Washington and hopes to see him the next time he is there.

PI 3-6 Letter from Estelle Reel to Mr. Apache. Washington, D.C., April 13, 1898.
Asks Mr. Apache to join her for dinner so she can ask him about “how [she] had better talk to Captain Pratt.” It seems likely that she is hoping to go to Pratt for support in her candidacy for Superintendent.

PI 3-6 Letter from Estelle Reel to Mr. Apache. Philadelphia, Pa., May 9, 1898.
Gives her current address. Expresses concern about gaining support among the Indian Rights people because they are supporters of Dr. Hailmann and don’t want to appear opposed to him.

PI 3-6 Letter from Estelle Reel to Mr. Apache. Philadelphia, Pa., May 16, 1898.
Reel seems a bit frantic that she has not been in contact with Apache. She had apparently asked him to obtain signatures of support from Indian Rights people on her behalf. She offers him suggestions on how to appeal to them. She says that the appointment will probably be made soon and seems to fear that she will not drum up enough endorsements before it is done. She urges Apache to keep her apprised of his whereabouts and promises to do the same. Names of people are scribbled on the back of the letter, most appear to be women.

PI 3-6 “Again on the Gettysburg Field: Generals Howard and Lee Go Over the Famous Battle Ground” February 28.
A special train took about 75 people from the Indian school, including some Indians, to Gettysburg where General O.O. Howard and General Fitzhugh Lee revisiting the grounds of their former rivalry. Antonio Apache was among those who went and is quoted as saying that the grounds of battle would be a nice place for Indian fighting. The article also remarks on the end of commencement week and the praise the school has received.

PI 3-6 “War on the Reds: Troops Ordered to Suppress the Wyoming Outbreak” July 24.
Article regarding trouble in Jackson’s Hole, Wyoming where a band of Ute’s stole 200 horses. Suggests that the Indian trouble is worse than many are saying and that an Indian war could be impending. Other related articles including one blaming the Indians for the slaughtering of elk because they were allowed to leave the reservation to hunt prior to the legal hunting season stated in state game laws. The hunting has caused trouble between the Indians and whites. Military action is being taken to suppress the outbreak.

PI 4-1 Exhibit Work 1907-1908. See the Carlisle Arrow, 12/9/1910.
”Exhibit Work from Indian Industrial School, Carlisle Penna. Showing the Correlation of the Industrial with the Academic Department. An exact copy of regular work done in the class rooms during the Fall and Winter of 1907-1908. J. Whitehall, Principal Teacher and M. Friedman, Superintendent.”

PI 4-2 The Laundry. Grades I, II, III. Normal Department. Teacher â€“ Miss Hawk. 1907-1908.

PI 4-2-2 Earice Paul. Age 11. First Grade. Tribe Chittimache.
Twenty spelling words. All have to do with the laundry. Seems to focus on feminine laundry items.

PI 4-2-3 Mitchell Farbell. Age 11. Second Grade. Tribe Mohawk.
Twenty spelling words. All have to do with the laundry. Seems to focus on more masculine laundry items, like machines, electricity, and wringers.

PI 4-2-4 Edna Bissonette. Age 9. Second Grade. Tribe Sioux.
Essay on the class’s visit to the laundry. Lists all the types of things washed in the laundry and what machines are there. Goes through the process of how the clothes are laundered.

PI 4-2-5 Annie Loren. Age 11. Third Grade. Tribe Mohawk.
Essay on the class’s visit to the laundry. Lists the machines and other equipment that are there and the types of things that are washed. Says that there are 12,000 things washed and ironed in one week.

PI 4-2-6 Peter Mora. Age 11. First Grade. Tribe Chittimache.
Arithmetic problems. Two word problems using soap. Multiplication and division. Shows a method that apparently was taught the students to help them figure out division problems.

PI 4-2-7 Thomas Smith. Age 11. Mohawk.
Black construction paper cutouts of a cookstove, irons, rack, and table.

PI 4-2-8 Wilbert Deon. Age 11. Sioux.
Black construction paper cutouts of a washtub, clothespins, clothesline with clothes, wringer, and scrub-board?.

PI 4-10 The Tailor Shop. Grade VII. Beginning. Room X. Teacher â€“ Miss Scalps. IIS 1907-1908.

PI 4-10-1 Ernest Quickbear. Sioux. Age 19. Seven Grade.
Drawing of a sewing machine with Indian style border.

PI 4-10-2 James Winde. Sioux. Age 18. Seventh Grade. Making a coat.
Details of how to make a coat worn by the boys at the school.

PI 4-10-3 Emma Newashe. Sac & Fox. Age 15. Seventh Grade. Making a Coat.
Details of how to make a coat worn by the boys at the school. As a female, she uses more sewing terminology.

PI 4-10-4 James Lyon. Onondaga. Age 15. Seventh Grade. Problems in Tailoring.
Arithmetic problems dealing with tailoring. Earnings and cost of materials, measurements.

PI 4-10-5 John Greensky. Chippewa. Age 18. Grade 7.
Arithmetic problems dealing with tailoring. Cost of materials like buttons, earnings, economic benefit of use of machines.

PI 4-11 The Harness Shop. Grade V. Ending. Room VII. Teacher â€“ Miss McMichael. ISS 1907-1908.

4-11-1 Paul Jones. Hydia. Age 15. Fifth Grade. Arithmetic.
Arithmetic problems dealing with materials used in harness making. Cost of leather.

4-11-2 Peter Regis. Mohawk. Age 16. Fifth Grade. Arithmetic.
Arithmetic problems dealing with materials used in harness making. Cost of leather.

4-11-3 Etta Saracino. January 29, 1908. My Visit to the Harness Shop.
Essay on a visit to the harness shop. Description of tool used. Different parts of the harness.

4-11-4 Mona Crowe. Fifth Grade.
Ink and pencil drawing of a horse with a harness. Number 1609 written below horse?

4-11-5 Esther Moore. Fifth Grade. Tools used in Harness Shop.
Labeled pencil drawings of creaser, ruler, clan tool, slicker, tracer, hammer.

4-11-6 Lida O. Wheelock. Oneida. Age 16. Fifth Grade. How to hitch and unhitch a team.
Process of how to put on and then remove a harness from a team of horses.

4-11-7 Katie Dalton. Alaskan. Age 18. Fifth grade. Harness Shop.
Essay on a visit to the harness shop. Mentions Mr. Zeigler. Description of tools used.

4-11-8 Nona Crowe. Cherokee. Age 17. Grade 5. Spelling.
Thirty-two spelling words describing different tools used in the harness shop and different pieces of the harness.

4-11-9 Joseph Twohearts. Chippewa. Age 20. Fifth Grade. Spelling.
Thirty-two spelling words describing different tools used in the harness shop and different pieces of the harness.

4-12 The Print Shop. Grade V. Beginning. Room VII. Teacher â€“ Mrs. Forster. IIS 1907-1908.

4-12-1 Charles Richards.
Labeled ink drawings of a wooden mallet and a finishing press.

4-12-2 Maria D. Hill.
“The Arrow A Paper Devoted to the Interests of the Progressive Indian Only Indian Apprentices Doing the Typesetting and Printing.”

4-12-3 Fred Tallcrane. Sioux. Grade 5. Room 6. Printing office.
Ink drawing of an imposing table and quoins (sp?). Essay on visit to the printing office. Mentions Mr. Baker and number of boys working. Different jobs being done by the boys.

4-12-4 Agnes Jacobs. Onondaga. Grade 5. Room 6. How Paper is Made.
Ink drawing of papyrus reed. Process of making paper from cotton and linen.

4-12-5 Lizzie Tibson. Onondaga. Grade 5. Room 6. Making Printers Type.
Ink drawing of type case. Description of the type case and the different pieces.

4-12-6 Ukaka.
Labeled incredibly detailed ink drawings of a shooting stick, cylinder bellow, shooting stick.

4-12-7 Katie Wesh. Chippewa. Grade 5. Room 6.
Arithmetic problems dealing with cost of paper and ink.

PI 4-13 Indian Art. Grade II. Room II. Teacher â€“ Miss Optskey. IIS 1907-1908.

PI 4-13-1 Lorenzo Miguel. Pueblo. Grade 2.
Twenty-two spelling words dealing with art and people.

PI 4-13-2 Nora Rauland. Cheyenne. Age 16. Second Grade. Arithmetic.
Arithmetic problems using the cost of different materials needed to make rugs.

PI 4-13-3 Joseph H. Denny. Oneida. Age 14. Grade 2. Arithmetic.
Arithmetic problems using the cost of different materials needed to make rugs.

PI 4-13-4 Peter Thomas. Klamath. Age 19. Grade 2. Indian Art: Purpose.
Reasons why Indians should continue to practice their native arts. Mentions that a few remember how to do the work of olden days.

PI 4-13-5 Fannie Rolling Bull. Cheyenne. Age 18. Grade 2. Indian Art: Results.
Different crafts done by the Indians. Fact that each Indian woman has her own design. The growing interest in Indian art.

PI 4-13-6 Washington Taloymptewa. Hopi. Age 16. Grade 2. Indian Art.
Essay on Indian art. Mentions Miss DeCora. How Indians take ideas for art from nature. Why its good for Indians to do art.

PI 4-13-8 Original of Peter Thomas.

PI 4-13-9 Original of Fannie Rolling Bull

PI 4-13-10 Original of Washington Taloymptewa.

PI 4-14 Language. Third and Fourth Grades. Cornplanter School.

PI 4-14-1 Rogene Pierce. Age 9. Papoose.
Story of Pocahontas. Negative portrayal of Indians prior to Columbus. Description of papoose. Relationship of Indians and whites. Cutouts from magazine of papoose

PI 4-15 Language Third & Fourth Grades. Cornplanter School.

PI 4-15-1 Paul Logan. Age 8. Numbers.
Two pages of arithmetic problems including a few word problems.

PI 4-15-2 Gary Snow. Age 6. Numbers.
Arithmetic problems using pictures of different objects instead of numbers.

PI 4-15-3 No name.
Arithmetic problems using pictures of different objects instead of numbers.

PI 4-15-4 Alice Logan. Age 6. Numbers.
Arithmetic problems using pictures of different objects instead of numbers.

PI 4-15-4 Iva Lula Bennett. Age 10. Arithmetic.
Addition, multiplication, and long division problems.

PI 4-15-5 Roy Bennett. Age 7. Numbers.
Arithmetic problems.

PI 4-15-6 Mae E. Pierce. Age 6. Arithmetic Lesson 41.
Arithmetic word problems.

PI 4-15-7 Ray Gordon. Age 7. Numbers.
Arithmetic problems.

PI 4-15-8 Ralph D. Ruhlman. Age 7. Arithmetic Lesson 40.
Arithmetic problems.

PI 4-15-9 Gary Snow. Age 6. Writing.
Cut-out pictures of objects with name written below and the number of objects.

PI 4-15-10 Mae E. Pierce. Age 6. Sentences.
Picture of a little boy and kitten. Different kinds of sentences: declaration, interrogative, imperative, and exclamatory. All about the picture.

PI 4-15-11 Ray Gordon. Age 7. Our Bird.
Picture of a bird on a nest. Sentences describing the picture.

PI 4-15-12 Roy Bennett. Age 7.
Picture of a bird. Sentences describing the picture.

PI 4-15-13 Ralph Ruhlman. Age 7. Polly.
Picture of a bird. Different kinds of sentences: declaratives, interrogative, imperative, and exclamatory. All about the picture.

PI 4-15-14 Rogene A. Pierce. Age 9. Sentences.
Picture of a young woman and a dog. Different kinds of sentences: declaratives, interrogative, imperative, and exclamatory. All about the picture.

PI 4-15-15 Theo A. Pierce. Age 10. Arithmetic.
Arithmetic word problems.

PI 4-16 Trennert, Robert A. “From Carlisle to Phoenix: The Rise and Fall of the Indian Outing System, 1878-1930.” Pacific Historical Review. 1983. pp.267-289.
Article traces the outing system from its pre-institution days to its institutionalization by General Richard Henry Pratt to its use in Western states. The article discusses how Pratt came to be interested in Indian education and how he developed the outing program at the Carlisle Indian Industrial School. Points how the outing system failed in the West by comparing the outing system at Carlisle to that at Phoenix. Basically, the outing system at Carlisle was meant to assimilate the students while in the West it was seen as a way to provide cheap labor for white households and businesses. Article is missing the final pages.

Letter from Chalkley Hatton to Jas. W. Eckels, Esq., Chairman of Sewer Committee, Carlisle, PA. Wilmington, DE. October 26, 1907.
Letter discussing blueprints showing the general location of two lines for an outfall sewer from Carlisle to the disposal plant and the location of the outfall sewer to be located off of the property belonging to the U.S. Government used for the Carlisle Indian School. Previously, the plan had been for it to go through the property. Details other changes made to the plans to conform to the State Board of Health.

Supplementary Permit for Sewerage. Carlisle, Cumberland County, PA. Entered for Record in the Record’s Office of Cumberland County on Nov 15, 1907 by W.A. Lepprid.
Permit issues by Samuel G. Dixon, Commissioner of Health, permitting the change in the line of the outfall sewer of the Carlisle Indian School property. Also gives permission for a disposal plant for sewer treatment. Gives the names of the individuals who own the land on which these components will be built. Gives two stipulations: one that a certain clause be removed from the original agreement and second that the borough may allow the sewage from the Carlisle Indian School and the County Institution to enter the sewer system. Permit written on Nov. 2, 1907, Harrisburg, PA. Notarization of the permit on the same day by Joseph A. Hauagan (sp?),

Letter from Superintendent W.A. Mercer, Major 11th Cavalry to Mr. James W. Eckels. January 2, 1908.
Mercer, superintendent of the Carlisle Indian School, sent copies of Eckels’ correspondence regarding the proposed outflow sewer to the Commissioner of Indian Affairs in Washington, D.C.

Letter from J.W. Eckels, President of Council, Carlisle, PA. to Marcus Friedman, Superintendent of the Carlisle Indian School, Carlisle, PA. April 10, 1908. Received by the Office of Indian Affairs on June 6, 1916.
Refers to an attached agreement passed at the borough Council meeting in Carlisle for the amount to be charged the Carlisle Indian School for use of the outfall sewer and disposal plant. Further resolved that if the population of the school rises or falls by 100 that the charge with be adjusted accordingly.

Agreement between Oscar H. Lipps, Superintendent of the U.S. Indian School, Carlisle, PA. and the Borough of Carlisle, PA. made on December 23, 1915. Received by the Office of Indian Affairs on January 7, 1916.
The agreement seems to contradict earlier correspondence which had mentioned that the lines of the outfall sewer would not be going through the Indian School property. The agreement sets the charge for the school to use the sewer system at $28.57/100 students. Agreement signed by several people and was approved on January 11, 1916 by assistant secretary Bo Sweeney. This is an amendment of an earlier 1908 agreement (from James W. Eckels, President of the Council to Mr. Charles H. Dickson, Supervisor of the Carlisle Indian School, March 13, 1908) which is attached that set the charge at $200 a year as long as the enrollment was not 100 pupils deviant of 700. In that earlier agreement the line for the sewer is mentioned as going through the government property used for the school. Another earlier letter dated March 28, 1908 probably from Dickson to Eckels acknowledges the receipt of the aforementioned letter and restates the matter of the Borough asking for a right of way over school property. Also attached is a copy of the April 10, 1908 letter from Eckels to Friedman annotated previously. The earlier agreements are all marked as being received by the Office of Indian Affairs on January 7, 1916.

Letter from Charles H. Dickson, Supervisor in Charge, to Mr. J. W. Eckels, President of Council, Carlisle, PA. March 31, 1908.
Accepts the charge of $200 per year for the school’s use of the sewer system provided that the borough make a provision for the rate to be changed if the school’s population drop by 100.

Agreement between Oscar H. Lipps, Superintendent of U.S. Indian School, Carlisle, PA and the Borough of Carlisle, PA on July 25, 1916.
Agreement for the use of the sewer system for the next year after the previous agreement. Same agreement except different signers. Probably included the same supplemental information as the previous agreement with the addition of the above annotated letter because of corresponding staple holes.

Letter from P.M. Ashburn, Colonel in Medical Corps, USA, Commandant to Mr. W.W. Daron, Borough Secretary, Carlisle, PA. September 16, 1920.
Acknowledges the receipt of Daron’s letter of September 10, 1920 regarding a claim against the government related to the sewer and advises him that it has been forwarded along with the relevant materials to the Adjutant General of the Army.

Letter from Thomas E. Vale, Borough Solicitor, to Hon. A.S. Kreider, Congressman. March 24, 1921.
The Borough of Carlisle has filed a claim against the U.S. government based on the agreement of payment for use of the sewer system by the Carlisle Indian School. The borough claims for about 4 years of service beginning from June 30, 1917 for a year of connection for the Indian School and then the rest for connection for the War Department activities conducted on the said grounds. Asks Congressman Kreider’s help in taking care of the claim.

Letter from Jno. R. Wheeler, Captain, J.A.G.D. of the War Department Claims Board, to Borough Solicitor, Carlisle, PA. August 3, 1921.
Apparently part of the above annotated letter was missing when it reached the board and a copy of the contract agreement was not enclosed. Wheeler requests that information be sent to the board.

Notice of Settlement of Claim for Claim No. I.O. 343707 of the Borough of Carlisle against the U.S. Government. March 6, 1922.
Notes that the borough had received $499.29 from the U.S. Field M.D. School for payment of sewer services for 1920-1922. The department of Interior then paid $12.40 on the claim for the time in which the sewer was used by the Carlisle Indian School.

Letter from A.S. Kreider to Mr. Thomas E. Vale, Borough Solicitor, Carlisle, PA. March 25, 1921.
Acknowledges receipt of Vale’s March 24th letter and states that he is taking the matter to the Surgeon General of the Army.

Letter from Floyd Kramer, Major in Medical Corps, USA to Hon. Aaron S. Kreider, House of Representatives. March 28, 1921.
Acknowledges the Surgeon General’s receipt of materials regarding the claim against the government by the Carlisle Borough.

Letter from A.S. Kreider to Major Thomas E. Vale, Carlisle, PA. March 29, 1921.
Letter to Vale telling him that a copy of the letter from the Surgeon General stating the receipt of materials is enclosed and hoping that the matter will be quickly resolved.

Affidavit of W.W. Daron, Secretary of the Borough of Carlisle, Cumberland County, PA. for use by War Department â€“ Claims Board â€“ Appraisal Section. In regarding the claim of the borough of Carlisle, PA.

PI 4-3 The Paint Shop. Grade IV â€“ Beginning. Room IV. Teacher â€“ Miss LeCrone. 1907-1908.

PI 4-3-2 Thomas Owl.
Pencil drawing of the paint shop with ladders, paint cans, brushes, and “S” hooks for holding paint cans onto ladders.

PI 4-3-3 George White Wing. Age 16. Fourth Grade. Tribe Sioux.
Twenty spelling words. Words related to painting. Word “eighteen” included? â€“ number of coats of paint given a wagon.

PI 4-3-4 Ida Baker. Age 19. Fourth Grade. Winnebago.
Arithmetic problem to find the cost of articles used in the Paint Shop. Gives a list with amounts of materials used including 600 lbs. of white lead.

PI 4-3-5 Georgia Tallchief. Fourth Grade. Tribe Seneca.
Essay on painting a wagon. Gives a description of the process and materials used to paint a wagon once it is received from the woodshop. Includes small drawing of a paint pail and brush.

PI 4-3-6 Thomas Dron. Age 20. Fourth Grade. Sioux.
Essay on the paint shop. Gives a description of the process and materials used to paint a wagon once it is received from the woodshop. Also includes some comments on house painting and its difference from wagon painting.

PI 4-3-7 William Yellow Elk. Age 17. Fourth Grade. Tribe Sioux.
Essay on the paint shop. Gives a description of the process and materials used to paint a wagon once it is received from the woodshop. Also includes some comments on house painting and its difference from wagon painting.

PI 4-4 The Shoe Shop. Grade VI. Ending. Room IX. Teacher â€“ Mr. Willard.
IIS 1907-1908.

PI 4-4-1 John Simpson, Pawnee.
Damaged, part missing. Arithmetic problem dealing with the different materials needed to make shoes and the cost of different amounts of the materials.

PI 4-4-2 Edith Ranco, Penobscot. Grade 6. Age 19. January 29, 1908. “How Leather is Made”
Talks about the different kinds of hides used to make leather and where they come from. The process that the hides go through in the tannery, the amount of time it takes, and how the leather is made black.

PI 4-4-3 Mm. Corbett, Nez Perce. Drawing.
Colored pencil drawing of a cow. Stylized Indian border.

PI 4-4-4 Marie C. Harris. Sac and Fox. Grade 6. Room 9. Age 18. January 31, 1908. Words on Leather.
Spelling/vocabulary words dealing with leather. Includes different types of leather, different animals from which leather is gotten, different location where hides are gotten, materials used in tanning process.

PI 4-4-5 Edgar Moore. Pawnee. Grade 6. Room 9. January 27, 1908. “The Industrial Shoe Shop”
Essay on the shoe shop. Includes drawing of shoe, awl, and hammer. Location and description of the shoe shop. List of tools. The number of boys who work in the shop and how long it takes them to make a pair of shoes. The type of work done in the shop. The process of making a shoe.

PI 4-5 The Sewing Room. Grade I. Room I. Teacher â€“ Miss Hetrick.
ISS 1907-1908.

PI 4-5-1 David Shebear. Cheyenne. First Grade. In school 11 months. Age 20 years. January 27, 1908.
Drawing of scissors. Essay on the visit to the sewing room. Mentions the seamstress Mrs. Canfield. Spools of thread and thimbles.

PI 4-5-2 Nallace Qouhojirma (sp?). Hopi. First grade. Ceger yrs (?)
In s Ch Mos (?) February 13, 1908.
Drawing of iron. Mentions Mrs. Canfield. Describes the iron. Talks about what the girls use the irons for.

PI 4-5-3 Archie Qumalitchtewa. Hopi. First grade. Age 18 years. In school 2 years. January 31, 1908.
Drawing of Mrs. Canfield’s desk. Description of the desk and its contents. What Mrs. Canfield does with the materials.

PI 4-5-4 Andrew Hermequaftewa. Hopi. First grade. Age 16 years. In school 1 year. January 30, 1908.
Drawing of Mrs. Canfield’s desk. Description of the desk and its contents and the rest of the essay are identical to that of Archie Qumalitchtewa.

PI 4-5-5 Nora McFarland. Nez Perce. First grade. Age 18 years. In school 5 months. January 9, 1908.
Drawing of a spool of thread. Describes how she sews and what she can sew. She says she likes to work in the sewing room.

PI 4-5-7 Davis Wounded Eyes. Pencil drawing of scissors cut out.

PI 4-5-8 Glenn Josytewa. Hopi. First grade. Age 20 years. In school 10 months. January 31, 1908.
Drawing of needle and thread. Description of the needle. Discusses what girls do with needles and mentions Mrs. Canfield. Says boys can sew buttons.

PI 4-5-9 Willis Medicine Bull. Cheyenne. First grade. Age 20 years. In school 1 year. January 27, 1908.
Drawing of three pins. Description of the pins. Cost of 400 pins.

PI 4-5-10 Kattie Bedeye. Seneca. First grade. Age 19 years. In school 2 years. January 30, 1908.
Drawing of table. Description of tables and what is on them.

PI 4-6 Blacksmith Shop. Grade III. Room III. Teacher â€“ Miss Ellis. IIS 1907-1908.

PI 4-6-1 Emily Mitchell. Penobscot. Age 15. Third Grade. The Village BlackSmith.
Poem supposedly written from memory about the village blacksmith. Focuses on his physical attributes associated with hard work. Description bears some similarity to that of an Indian. Also mentions his economic independence.

PI 4-6-2 Judson M. Cabay. Chippewa. Age 19. Third Grade. Vulcan the Smith.
Story of the Greek blacksmith Vulcan. Physical description much different from the village blacksmith but still strong.

PI 4-6-3 Wilson Coysenter (sp?). Seneca. Age 14. Third Grade.
Sentences seemingly written with underlined spelling words dealing with blacksmithing. Different tools used in blacksmithing.

PI 4-6-4 David George. Oneida. Age 12. Third Grade.
Arithmetic problems that includes things related to blacksmithing.

PI 4-6-5 Arthur Smith. Tuscarora. Age 17. Third Grade. The Blacksmith Shop.
The process of making a horseshoe and the importance of making it the correct size.

PI 4-7 The Tin Shop. Grade VI. Beginning. Room VIII. Teacher â€“ Miss Kaup. ISS 1907-1908.

PI 4-7-1 Jennie Blackshield. Sioux. Sixth Grade. January 15, 1908.
Arithmetic problems dealing with the tin shop. Mentions that boys making things from tin.

PI 4-7-2 Henry Chapman. Pawnee. Sixth Grade. January 24, 1908. Tin Can.
The detailed process of making a tin can.

PI 4-7-3 Esiah Gallashaff. Alaskan. Sixth Grade. January 24, 1908. A Tin Cup.
The detailed process of making a tin cup.

PI 4-7-4 Leila Schenandore. Oneida. Sixth Grade. January 27, 1908. Spelling.
Thirty spelling words dealing with products made from tin.

PI 4-7-5 Clarence DeGraff. Pottawatomie. Sixth Grade. January 24, 1908. How to Make a Pint Cup.
The detailed process of making a pint cup.

PI 4-8 The Wood Shop. Grade IV. Ending. Room V. Teacher â€“ Miss Johnston. IIS 1907-1908.

PI 4-8-2 Daniel WhirlWind. Sioux. Grade 4. January 22, 1908. Tools of the Wood Shop.
Ink drawings of a saw and a wood plane.

PI 4-8-3 Unice Passedoah. Shoshone. Grade 4. January 22, 1908. Tools of the Wood Shop.
Pencil drawings of two saws and a clamp.

PI 4-8-4 Bessie S. Elk. Cheyenne. Grade 4. January 27, 1908. A Lesson from the Wood Shop.
Essay on visit to the wood shop. Talks about tools there. Goes on to give details about how a buggy is made.

PI 4-8-5 Anna Sampson. Chippewa. Grade 4. February 26, 1908.
Copy of a bill of sale from the Wagner Hardware Co. to Mr. John Brown. Itemization and price of nails, hinges, screws, locks, saws, hammers, and planes.

PI 4-8-6 Unice Passedoah. Shoshone. Grade 4. February 26, 1908.
Copy of a bill of sale from the Wagner Hardware Co. to Mr. John Brown. Itemization and price of nails, hinges, screws, locks, saws, hammers, and planes.

PI 4-8-7 Jessie Rowland. Sioux. Grade 4. January 27, 1908. A Lesson from the Wood Shop.
Essay on visit to the wood shop. Gives details about how a buggy is made.

PI 4-8-8 Chester Cabay. Chippewa. Grade 4. January 15, 1908. Spelling.
Twenty-six spelling words dealing with the different tools used in the wood shop.

PI 4-8-9 Susie Porter. Chippewa. Grade 4. January 15, 1908. Spelling.
Twenty six spelling words dealing with the different tools used in the wood shop.

PI 4-9 The Boiler House. Grade III. Room 4 ½. Teacher â€“ Miss Reichel. IIS 1907-1908.

PI 4-9-1 Edward Paul. Nez Perce. Age 17. Fourth Grade. Room 4 ½. Engineering Department.
Essay on visit to the boiler house. Mentions Mr. Weber. Very detailed description.

PI 4-9-2 Thomas Jackson. Piegan. Age 19. Fourth Grade. Room 4 ½. Visit to the Boiler house.
Essay on visit to the boiler house. Describes how was constructed. Mentions Mr. Weber. Details what size heat mains heat the different parts of the school.

PI 4-9-3 Mamie Cook. Mohawk. Age 13. Fourth Grade. Room 4 1/2. Visit to the Boiler house.
Explains what size heat mains heat the different parts of the school.

PI 4-9-4 Maggie Brown. Alaskan. Age 11. Fourth Grade. Room 4 ½. Spelling.
Twenty spelling words dealing with different components of the boiler room.

PI 4-9-5 Sara Carpenter. Onondaga. Age 16. Fourth Grade. Room 4 ½. Engineering Department.
Essay on visit to the boiler house. How much coal used per day. Similar to others.

PI 4-9-6 Frank Laquier. Chippewa. Age 11. Third Grade. Room 4 ½. Arithmetic.
Arithmetic problems dealing with coast of coal.

PI 4-9-7 No name. “Coal is King” booklette.
How coal is formed. Different types of coal. Page of article on the hazards of coal mining taken from some other source with picture of women at bottom. The origins of coal mining in the U.S. The cost in human life of coal mining.
Pictures of coal mine, miners, miners with mules, cave in the mines.

CI 1-1 Clippings about the Carlisle Indian Industrial School.

CI 1-1 Voice of the People “The Corn Dance Fake” by R.H. Pratt. Rochester Oct.14, 1916.
Pratt comments on an editorial that must have appeared in the paper which painted him in a good light. He makes his characteristic comments on the origins of the Indian problem being with whites. It appears that perhaps as part of some celebration that an Indian dance was to be done which Pratt and the Mayor deemed as fake. Pratt suggests that a sign be posted alerting all viewers of its nature.

CI 1-1 “Our Duty: American Indians, Past, Present, Future” in Jamestown Evening Journal, August 25, 1904. Address delivered by General Richard Henry Pratt at Chautauqua before a large audience Wednesday afternoon â€“ a conference followed.
Pratt’s speech outlines his characteristic position on the Indian problem. He discusses the ineffectiveness of the government efforts in dealing with the Indian. He talks about the Indian only needing access to white civilization to become able citizens and then gives examples of some Indians who have done so. He draws comparisons between the Indian problem and the assimilation of blacks and immigrants.

CI 1-1 “Pratt Plague Rite Tomorrow”
A plaque in memory of Pratt was being dedicated at the Carlisle Barracks. The article gives an overview of the ceremony that will take place and then gives a very brief background of Pratt’s involvement with the Carlisle Indian School. Mentions the school’s notoriety for football.

CI 1-1 “Ceremony Held for Gen. Pratt: Carlisle Barracks Scene of Plaque Unveilingâ€. Friday, June 3, 1955.
Discusses the ceremony at which the plaque was dedicated. Gives a list of the guests in attendance including members of Pratt’s family and residents of Carlisle. Richard Kasetta, a former student, was in attendance.

CI 1-1 “Authority on Indians and Customs Brands Rochester â€˜Corn Dance’ as Pure Fake.” in The Rochester Herald. Wednesday, October 11, 1916.
Pratt derides a ceremony to be held in a park in Rochester in which some white men were to be inducted into a tribe. He claims that he has seen jokes made out of such ceremonies before and suggests that this one be stopped as it will be no different. He denounces the regression of the Indians back into their old lifestyle for such purposes and criticizes those whites who encourage them to do so. Gives some background of Pratt’s involvement with the Indians.

CI 1-1 “Fortnightly Club Hears Guest Pianist in Program.” in Daily Palo Alto Times, Palo Alto, California. Tuesday Evening, January 7, 1930.
List of performers and the music performed at the regular meeting of the Fortnightly Music Club. Robertson Denny was a guest pianist. He performed two piano solos.

CI 1-1 “Recalls Days at Indian School”
Edward La Plante, half Chippewa and former Carlisle student, wrote to the Mayor and City Council of Carlisle regarding the upcoming 75th anniversary of the opening of the Carlisle Indian School. La Plante makes comments about the forgotten history in which many Indians are included. He says that his years at Carlisle helped him to be able to speak out in favor of remembering this history. He says he made the suggestion to the state government that a reunion be held at Carlisle on the anniversary date but doubts it will be much of a success because the favorite sons are all dead. He says he speaks as one of the youngest surviving students.

CI 1-1 Photograph and caption of plaque dedicated to Gen. Pratt. The Evening Sentinel, Carlisle, Pa. Thursday, June 9, 1955.
Photograph of the plaque that was dedicated in memory of Pratt. Ceremonies mention that his grandson, Richard Pratt, architectural editor of the Ladies Home Journal, was in attendance.

CI 1-1 “Carlisle Barracks and West Point” by Charles Gilbert Beetem. in The Evening Sentinel, Carlisle, Pa. Thursday, March 29, 1956.
Gives the history of the Carlisle Barracks. Discusses the “Treaty of Carlisle” and then the various stages that eventually led up to the Army War College being located at the Barracks. Focuses on military happenings and decisions that led up to it.

CI 1-1 (Unmarked) “Ex-Newsman Worked As Pop Warner’s Aide At the Indian School”
Article is damaged and a small portion of the text missing. Article about Arthur Martin. Martin tried to enlist in the army in 1917 but was rejected. He played football for Carlisle High School and became a lifelong football fan. His post-graduate job as a reporter got him a contact with Glenn Warner at the Indian School and he ended up acting as Warner’s secretary. Through this he got to know many of the players on the Indian School football team.

CI 1-1 “An Army Post That Links Comanches and Future Generals” New York Times Continental. Sunday, June 18, 1972. partial article.
Apparently a larger article on the history of the Carlisle Barracks. The section available contains the section which discusses the Barrack’s history as the Carlisle Indian School. Discusses what remains of the Indian school at the Barracks included comments on the guardhouse, stadium, and cemetery. Lists the resources available at the Barracks at the time.

CI 1-1 Photograph and caption of a group Chiricahua-Apache Indian students. Evening Sentinel, Carlisle, Pa. Friday, March 8, 1963.
Photograph of one of the first groups of Indian children brought to the school in October of 1879. Photo printed as part of the upcoming designation of the school grounds at the Carlisle Barracks as a National Historic Landmark.

CI 1-1 “Tom Torlino Gaining Fame As Before And After Indian” by Roger Doran. Sunday Patriot News, Harrisburg, Pa. February 27, 1972. several copies
Well-written article about the famous before and after photographs of Carlisle Indian student Tom Torlino, Navajo. Discusses the developments that have helped to make the photographs so famous. Includes comments made about the CCHS photograph collection by a representative of the Smithsonian Institute praising the quality of the collection. Discusses the limited knowledge of Tom Torlino.

CI 1-1 “Prize Poetess Moore Who Sang About Dodgers Now Dodges the Muse to Exult in Gil Hodges” by Jean M. White. Washington Post. Tuesday, October 22, 1963.
Article about Marianne Moore, poet and former teacher at the Carlisle Indian School (not mentioned in article). At an appearance at the Library of Congress, Moore seemed more interested in baseball than poetry. Much was made of her now famous tri-corned hat.

CI 1-1 “Exhibit Planned On Indian School” Sunday Patriot News, Harrisburg, Pa. May 18, 1980. Includes photograph of some Indian School artifacts.
Article on the upcoming exhibit on the Indian School at the CCHS. Discusses the types of materials, including photographs and student artwork, that will be displayed as well as explaining the idea behind the exhibit. Also discusses is a reprint of a 1908 text by Pratt that will be sold during the exhibit. The accompanying photograph shows some of the artifacts that are to be put on display. Ironically, while the article states that no undue emphasis will be made on sports, the photograph contains mostly sports trophies.

CI 1-1 “Ancestors Flood Carlisle With Inquiries” The Patriot, Harrisburg, Pa. Monday, June 18, 1979.
Article inspired by the upcoming celebration of the centennial anniversary of the opening of the Carlisle Indian School. Discusses the collection of Indian School materials that has resulted in many Native Americans turning to the CCHS for information about relatives that attended the school. Briefly discusses the upcoming events for the anniversary. Photographs with captions are included: Before and after photos of a group of Apache children; backfield of the 1912 football team; Richard Henry Pratt; academic classroom; woodworking shop; librarians looking at artifacts.

CI 1-1 “Carlisle Indian School, Part I” by Bucky Fox. The Evening Sentinel, Carlisle, Pa. Saturday, October, 6, 1979.
Special section due to the 100th anniversary of the Carlisle Indian School. Discusses the history of the school focusing on the early days. Contains excerpts from Luther Standing Bear’s book, My People the Sioux, quotes from Pratt, and statements from Indian school publications. Photographs with captions are included: first group of students; before and after of Tom Torlino; before and after of group of Chiricahua-Apache; students dressed in costumes for play; print shop; Pratt; American Horse and relatives; academic classroom; students at Camp Sells.

CI 1-1 “Old Book Jogs Memories of Famous Indian School” by Isabel Burn. The Evening Sentinel. May 15, 1980.
Discusses the book written by Pratt in 1908 on the origin and purposes of the Carlisle Indian School. The book was reprinted by CCHS and offered for sale, inspiring the article. The article briefly summarizes the book which is basically a history of the school. It also discusses the history of the school where the book ends at Pratt’s dismissal in 1904.

CI 1-1 “Curator Seeks Best Effort Last” The Patriot. May 12, 1980.
Article on Wilson O’Donnell, the first curator at CCHS. After a four year career he was leaving the society to continue his schooling. His last exhibit is to be on the Carlisle Indian School.

CI 1-1 “Longest Marathon Ends for Thorpe” The Times Record, Brunswick, Maine. Thursday, October 14, 1982.
Article on the long fought battle to have Jim Thorpe’s Olympic metals reinstated. Discusses both the process that Thorpe’s family went through as well as Thorpe’s life, athletic achievements, and the explanation behind the metals being revoked. Photograph of Thorpe’s son Richard in front of a portrait of his father at the state capitol building in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.

CI 1-1 “Local Man Recalls Carlisle’s Indian School Days” by Montie Tak. Evening Sentinel. January 1983.
Article on George Yuda, a local descendent of a Carlisle Indian School student. George’s father Montreville S. Yuda attended the school from 1908 to 1913. George and his children are the only known local descendents. George remembers that Indians would sometimes come to the house to visit, including Jim Thorpe whose autograph George still carries.

CI 1-1 “Town’s Indian Name Refuses to Die” by William Robbins. New York Times. October 31, 1982.
Article about the controversy over the town of Mauch Chunk, renamed Jim Thorpe. The townspeople are divided in their feelings. Many of the older residents would prefer to return to their old name as few of the promises that were to accompany the name of Jim Thorpe have materialized. The recent controversy has developed further now that Thorpe’s family and native tribe are pushing to have the body moved from Jim Thorpe to Oklahoma.

CI 1-1 “He Blames Paleface.” no date. incomplete article.
Brief background of Pratt’s history with the Indians. Contains some quotes about his views on the Indians and their relations with whites. Pratt blames the whites for all the trouble that has occurred with the Indians.

CI 1-1 Untitled by Dave Fisher. no date. incomplete article.
History and description of the Carlisle Barracks and the Army War College. Brief mention made of the Barrack’s stint at the Carlisle Indian Industrial School. Jim Thorpe and Marianne Moore are mentioned.

CI 1-1 “Indians Placed in False Light by Exhibitions” no date (1916).
Discusses Pratt’s views on the white origins of the Indian problem. Discusses his condemnation of Indian exhibitions and why he finds them unfavorable. Give a very brief background of Pratt’s history with the Indians that led up to the founding of the Carlisle Indian School.

CI 1-1 “Assessing the Indian School” no date.
Article about a Mr. Hubbell of the republican congressional committee assessed all the employees of the Carlisle Indian school 2% of their salary to go towards campaign funds. While the article gives an editorial opinion of this practice it also provides a list of employees, their job, and for how much they were assessed. This could be an interesting source of information on the school staff.

CI 1-1 “At Home With Custer” body by Mrs. George W. Yates. no date.
Description of General Custer from Mrs. George W. Yates who had spent a good deal of time with the Custers. She gives a brief general history of Custer’s career, focusing on the Battle of Little Big Horn that resulted in his death. She spends a great deal of time describing his appearance and personality.

CI 1-1 Untitled by James M. Bryant. Sentinel. no date.
Eulogy of Gus Welch, for Carlisle Indian School football star who played alongside Jim Thorpe. Quotes from several months prior to his death when Welch was in Carlisle in support of efforts to have Thorpe’s Olympic metals returned to him. Welch talked about how he felt about modern football and what he remembered about Thorpe. Article also discusses Thorpe’s career after leaving Carlisle.

CI 1-1 Untitled. The Sentinel. no date.
Letter from Mrs. Wallace Denny written to the Sentinel after an article in the Sentinel concerning a Carlisle Indian School student. Mrs. Denny writes that as part of her job she kept student records which were sent to the Indian Office in D.C. when the school closed in 1918. Other photographs, school publications, and trophies were sent to the Capitol Library in Harrisburg in 1922. Other materials are located in the Bosler Library and Hamilton Historical Society in Carlisle.

CI 1-1 “Famous Indian Fighter Comes Here as Friend” The Evening Gazette, Cedar Rapids, Iowa. Tuesday, September 26, 1916.
Recounts General R.H. Pratt’s speech given at the sixth annual conference of the Society of the American Indians. Discusses his past contact with the Indians during the Indian wars. His placement of blame on whites for the conditions of the Indians. His appreciation of the Indian as a student and soldier. His account of service with General Custer. Gives overall view of Pratt’s ideas on the “Indian Problem.”

CI 1-2 Photograph of The 1915 Backfield with caption. no date.
Photograph of Alex Arcasa, Powell, Gus Welch, and Jim Thorpe in their football uniforms.

CI 1-2 “Earlier Days in Los Angeles: Looking Back in Our Old Files” no date (1963).
50 Years Ago Today â€“ the wedding of Jim Thorpe to Margaret Iva Miller. Both were graduates of the Carlisle Indian School. Thorpe from the Sac and Fox tribe and Miller of the Cherokee tribe. Their honeymoon was being on tour with Thorpe’s team the Giants.

CI 1-2 “Welcome Mat Set Out for Premiere of Thorpe Movie” Evening Sentinel. August 22, 1951.
Article on the premier of the movie, “Jim Thorpe, All-American” in Carlisle. Discusses the calendar of events that will take place that day. Includes a list of speakers who will be presenting including Thorpe himself and Governor John S. Fine. Fine will be made an honorary member of an Oklahoma tribe by La Rue Martin, a 17 year-old Indian “princess.” A plaque in honor of Thorpe will be put in front of courthouse.

CI 1-2 “Tickets to Thorpe Movie Go on Sale”
Talks about ticket sales for the movie “Jim Thorpe, The All-Americanâ€. Discusses the price of tickets and summarizes the days events. Also a discussion of the gown to be worn by Miss Parlin who won the “Miss Carlisle” contest and a brief bio of her.

CI 1-2 “500 to Attend Thorpe Premier Dinner”
Discusses the status of tickets sales, price, etc. per Barton Minick, who was in charge of ticket sales. Rest of the article is devoted to the activities of Virginia Parlin, “Miss Carlisle” who was in Chicago but would be traveling to Oklahoma City to present gifts to the governor on behalf of the PA Governor Fine. A brief discussion of the pre-premiere festivities is given.

CI 1-2 “Thorpe Premiere Celebrities Delayed, But All Is Ready”
Discussion of the ceremony despite delays in the arrival of the celebrity participants. Special attention was given to Virginia Parlin and her experiences out West as “Miss Carlisleâ€. Also discussion of the presentation of 2 footballs to the sons of Governor Fine by Thorpe.

CI 1-2 “Jim Thorpe Will Appear Here for World Movie Premiere on August 23”
Announcement that Thorpe will attend the movie premiere along with his son and fellow Carlisle students Pete Calac and Lone Star Dietz. Gives a brief history of Thorpe’s athletic career. Lists other guests to be in attendance as well as further information on the day’s events including the activities of Virginia Parlin, “Miss Carlisle.”

CI 1-2 “Gov. Fine Now â€˜Chief’ of Oklahoma Tribes” with photograph
Photograph of Governor John S. Fine, his two sons, and Jim Thorpe. Fine was made an honorary chief at the movie premiere ceremonies after he and his sons were presented with chief headdresses by Princess La Rue Martin, Miss Oklahoma. Fine said much of Thorpe’s athletic abilities.

CI 1-2 “Warner Takes Dim View of Platoon System” with photograph
Photograph of Pat O’Dea presenting Glenn S. (Pop) Warner with a plaque carrying a diagram of his favorite play. Warner is noted as being credited with exploiting football’s single and double wing attacks and as being the former coach of Jim Thorpe. His makes comments against the platoon system.

CI 1-2 “21-Foot Statue Is Planned To Honor Carlisle’s Thorpe”
Obituary of Jim Thorpe written the day after his burial. The casket was carried by Thorpe’s former teammates Bill Newash, Joe Pappio, Joseph Guyon, and A.A. Exendine. Traditional ceremonies were also performed. Discusses the erection of a bronze and marble statue to show Thorpe as a football player for the Carlisle Indian School and recounts his athletic feats.

CI 1-2 Photograph of Jim Thorpe at the unveiling of a tablet on the lawn of the courthouse. The Evening Sentinel, Carlisle, Pa. Friday, April 3, 1953.
Photograph published after Thorpe’s death because it was his last public appearance at Carlisle. Taken at the ceremony where a tablet commemorating Thorpe was placed on the courthouse lawn at the premiere of the movie “Jim Thorpe, All-American.” Caption includes the cause of death and the names of the other individuals who appear in the photo with him

CI 1-2 “Jim Thorpe Comes Home For Burial at Shawnee” by Gilbert Asher. Daily World. Friday, April 10, 1953. with photograph.
Photograph of Michael Melton, 7, viewing Thorpe’s casket. Talks of the return of Thorpe’s body from California to Oklahoma. The main portion of the article describes the homecoming seen with Thorpe’s family and friends in attendance. Includes quotes of people’s remembrances of Thorpe. Both traditional tribal rites and a Catholic mass were to be performed. Talks of funds to build a shrine and mausoleum for the body. Lists Thorpe’s surviving relatives. Gives a brief account of Thorpe’s athletic accomplishments.

CI 1-2 “The Big Indian” by Arthur Daley. New York Times. May 27, 1957. with photograph.
Photograph of Thorpe in uniform when he was playing professional football with the Canton Bulldogs. Article inspired by the renaming of Mauch Chunk, Pa. to Jim Thorpe. Gives an account of Thorpe’s amazing athletic prowess. Gives a detailed description of Thorpe’s involvement in the 1911 Harvard v. Carlisle game and the Army v. Carlisle game.

CI 1-2 “Jim Thorpe Memorial Is Dedicated In Jim Thorpe” Evening Sentinel. May 31, 1957.
Discusses the dedication ceremony of the Jim Thorpe Memorial in Jim Thorpe, Pa. Many football and baseball stars were in attendance as well as old acquaintances of Thorpe. Some of his former schoolmates at Carlisle were there including Mrs. Sadie Feder, Joe Guyon, Pete Calac, William Lone Star and Mrs. Dietz, Thomas Miles, Leon Miller, Paul Bald Eagle, Fred Cardin, and James Garvie. Arthur Martin, former publicist for the Indian School also attended.

CI 1-2 Photograph of Jim Thorpe with caption.
Photograph of Jim Thorpe with a group of children in Chicago. Thorpe, age 60, is the assistant to the supervisor of physical activities of the Chicago Park District. He works with children 8 to 20, teaching them running, jumping, and weight tossing.

CI 1-2 “Jim Thorpe Memorial Mausoleum Formally Dedicated Here During Impressive Memorial Day Ceremony” Jim Thorpe Times-News. Friday, May 31, 1957.
Article gives a detailed description of the dedication ceremony of the Jim Thorpe Mausoleum in Jim Thorpe, Pa. Dirt from several places important in Thorpe’s athletic career, including the Carlisle Barracks, was spread around the memorial. Some of Thorpe’s former classmates were among those in attendance including Joseph Guyon, Peter Calac, Mrs. Sadie Feder, and William Lone Star Dietz. Members of Thorpe’s family were also present as well as many others who wished to remember the great athlete.

CI 1-2 “Jim Thorpe Memorial Dedicated As 5,000 Hail â€˜Greatest Athlete’” The Morning Call, Allentown, PA. Friday, May 31, 1957. with photographs.
Photographs of Mrs. Patricia Thorpe standing next to her husband’s memorial; AlSchact, Lone Star Dietz, and Rep. Walter looking at scrapbooks; Thorpe’s daughters and grandchildren unveiling the mausoleum; soil scattered by Mrs. Leon Miller, Pete Calac, Mrs. Sadie Feder, Col. C.J. Lezelter, and John Lobert. The article discusses the memorial ceremony attended by over 5,000 people. Gives a description of the tomb and the ceremony. A list of notable attendees is included. Special mention made of the famous words by King Gustav and Thorpe’s famous response.

CI 1-2 Carlisle Shoppers’ Guide. October 30, 1968. “They Remember Jim Thorpe: And Reminisce on Happy Times at Old Carlisle Indian School” with photographs.
Photographs: Thorpe posed in uniform; Thorpe action shot receiving a punt; Arthur Martin displaying sweater and Thorpe wedding picture; Mrs. Edward Whistler who taught at the Indian school; Thorpe in his later years. Article tells of an anecdote by Mac Griest who played pool against Thorpe. Also gives a background of Thorpe’s life and athletic career. Rare mention of Thorpe’s problems with alcohol and Paul Brehm who twice witnessed him drunk in public events in his honor in Carlisle. Quote from James E. Sullivan about Thorpe’s superb athletic ability.

CI 1-2 “Gobrecht Extolls Virtues of Thorpeâ€¦’Greatest Ever’” by James M. Bryant. Evening Sentinel. Saturday, March 14, 1970.
About Wilbur J. Gobrecht, head football coach at Dickinson College, who wrote a booklet on Jim Thorpe, focusing on his life in Carlisle. Discusses how Gobrecht came to write the book and where the book is available. Also discusses another book Gobrecht is working on related to Dickinson football. Brief mention of Gus Welch’s football career at Dickinson. Also some discussion of the quest to get Thorpe’s metals returned. Photographs of Thorpe Putting Shot and of Thorpe and others at dedication of Thorpe memorial in front of courthouse in Carlisle.

CI 1-2 Untitled. by L.J. Fitzpatrick, Jr.
Interesting article with some small details about the school. Article gives insight into how people remember Jim Thorpe. There are quotes from Arthur R. Martin, former secretary of Glenn S. Warner, Mrs. Edward L. Whistler, former music teacher at the Indian School, Robert Kaseeta, a schoolmate of Thorpe’s, and Wilbur Claudy, resident of Carlisle. Overall Thorpe is remembered as a friendly youth who didn’t want to work too hard at anything but always had time for others.

CI 1-2 “The Sports Immortals: Jim Thorpe” Arizona Republic. February 26, 1973. p.31. From the book The Sports Immortals by the Associated Press. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice Hall, 1972.
Article discusses Jim Thorpe’s life focusing on his athletic career. The article traces Thorpe’s early beginnings at the Carlisle Indian School through his memorable 1911 football season which included games against Lafayette College and Harvard to a brief account of his professional career.

CI 1-2 “Making Amends to Jim Thorpe” by Edwin McDowell. The Wall Street Journal. Thursday, October 11, 1973.
Article inspired by the expected vote by the Amateur Athletic Union to recommend restoration of Jim Thorpe’s amateur status. Discusses the circumstances behind the revocation of Thorpe’s metals and records. The opinions of some former members of the AAU who made the initial decision are included. Also included a history of Thorpe’s athletic career beginning at the Carlisle Indian School. Mention made of the games played against Harvard, Lehigh, Dickinson, and Army. Also discusses the tragedy of Thorpe’s life after his professional sports career ended.

CI 1-2 “Hall of Fame to Include Thorpe” The Sentinel, Carlisle, Pa. June 14, 1975.
The son and daughter of Jim Thorpe and Jim Lane, Oklahoma majority floor leader, will represent Thorpe, deceased, when he is inducted into the National Track and Field Hall of Fame in Charleston, West Virginia.

CI 1-2 “Army Gym Gets New Life” by Roger Doran. The Patriot, Harrisburg, Pa. April 28, 1976.
Dedication of Jim Thorpe Hall after being closed for a time for refurbishing. One of only three buildings surviving from the Carlisle Indian School period, the building was saved by Maj. Gen. DeWitt Smith, Commandant of the Carlisle Barracks. Smith was not able to attend the ceremony but was represented by Brig. Gen. Edward Atkeson. Arthur Martin, former secretary of Glenn Warner, was also part of the ceremony. Photograph of the three cutting the ribbon.

CI 1-2 “Superstar Jim Thorpe Put Carlisle on the Map” by Mary Klaus. The Patriot, Harrisburg, Pa. Monday, April 10, 1978.
Lengthy article that covers Jim Thorpe’s life, especially his athletic career. Goes into his background at Carlisle mentioning statistics from games against Army, Brown, and Harvard. Also includes anecdote about the track meet against Lafayette in which Thorpe was the sole participant for Carlisle and won the meet. Discusses his Olympic experience and the circumstances around the revocation of his medals. Discusses Thorpe’s athletic career after Carlisle including his stints with baseballs teams the Harrisburg Indians, including his relationship with Al Schacht, the New York Giants, Cincinnati Reds, and Boston Braves. Also his football career with teams in Canton, Cleveland, Toledo, and Marion, all in Ohio, as well as Rock Island, Ill., New York, and the Chicago Cardinals. Goes into the difficulties of Thorpe’s later life Photographs: Thorpe kicking football, putting shot, and posing in baseball uniform; Thorpe with coach “Pop” Warner; Thorpe with local athlete Sam Padjen and Creldin Kruger on a visit to Carlisle; Thorpe with third wife Patricia; Thorpe outside club where he acted as bouncer.

CI 1-2 “Author Debunks Jim Thorpe â€˜myths’” by Bill Weary. The Carlisle Sentinel. Thursday, May 18, 1978.
Robert W. Wheeler, author of the book Pathway to Glory, was interviewed after speaking to the Cumberland County Historical Society about his book on Jim Thorpe. Wheeler’s book counters some of the myths that have been written about Thorpe as well as reveals new information. Wheeler claims that his book is considered by many as the definitive Thorpe biography. Two anecdotes from the book are included. One of the anecdotes dispels the rumor that Thorpe ended President Eisenhower’s football career. The other is the little known fact that in a game against the University of Pittsburgh Thorpe kicked the ball 70 yards and high enough that he had time to run down the field and catch it himself. Wheeler seemed to have respected Thorpe’s individuality and gained unprecedented access through Thorpe’s family and other Indians. Wheeler even talked to Burt Lancaster who played Thorpe in the movie, “Jim Thorpe, All-American.” Wheeler does not believe Thorpe was a heavy drinker. Wheeler rewrote the script and appeared in a TV documentary about Thorpe.

CI 1-2 “New Plea Made on Jim Thorpe’s Behalf” by James Tuite. International Herald Tribune, Paris, France. Thursday, March 15, 1979.
Article which brings to light concrete evidence that Thorpe was improperly stripped of his Olympic medals. John Noble Washburn, an international sports lawyer, says that the rules of the 1912 Olympic games did not prohibit Thorpe from winning for two reasons. First of all, the rules stated that any appeal had to be made within 30 days of the games and Thorpe was stripped of his medals 6 months later. Also the rules say that an athlete cannot have been paid for exercising his sport, but Thorpe had been played for baseball which was not even an Olympic event. The article mentions previous efforts to restore Thorpe’s medals to him. It also contains opinion quotes from Sigfrid Edstrom, VP of the Swedish Olympic Committee, Robert Paul, director of communications for the U.S. Olympic Committee, and Washburn. Photograph of Thorpe in 1952.

CI 1-2 “Thorpe Daughter Digs Up His Past” by Roger Doran. Sunday Patriot. May 4, 1980.
Grace Thorpe, daughter of Jim Thorpe and his Indian School sweetheart Iva Margaret Miller, appeared in Carlisle at the invitation of the Army War College for Jim Thorpe Sports Day. Article gets Thorpe’s reactions about experiencing the place where her father began his sports career. Thorpe herself is more interested in her background and is doing research at CCHS, especially on her mother. She is less concerned about getting back Thorpe’s medals than she is in restoring the memory of her father. Photograph of Grace Thorpe holding a picture of her father in his football uniform.

CI 1-2 “His Medals Returned, Has Thorpe Story Ended” by Bud Greenspan. New York Times. Sunday, October 17, 1982.
Article takes a dim view of the news that the IOC plans to return Thorpe’s medals. Greenspan feels the news is tainted by the fact that Thorpe will have to share the record with the runners-up who were awarded the gold medals after Thorpe’s were taken away. Discusses the circumstances around the revocation of Thorpe’s metals. Greenspan blames the U.S. Olympic Committee and the Amateur Athletic League for spurring the situation. Gives a view of Thorpe by Edd Roush, a Hall of Fame outfielder who played with Thorpe in 1917 at Cincinnati. Also a view of Thorpe by Abel Kiviat, who roomed with Thorpe during the Stockholm Olympics.

CI 1-2 “Thorpe Will Stand Tall Again in Carlisle” by Roger Doran. Sunday Patriot-News, Harrisburg, Pa. February 13, 1983.
The Army War College, specifically the 1983 graduating classes of both resident and corresponding students, are sponsoring a memorial statue to Jim Thorpe. Lt. Col. Andy Sarzanini will be returning to his native Italy to accept the statue and bring it back to Carlisle. Sarzanini helped spawn the idea for the statue when he brought back a statue of the Madonna for the post chapel. The gift selection committee then made the final decision. The article gives some background on the area of Italy in which the statue is being made. Photograph of Sarzanini with the Madonna statue from Italy.

CI 1-2 “The Tragedy of Thorpe” by Steve O’Neill. Sunday Patriot-News, Harrisburg, Pa. October 17, 1982.
Discusses the controversy surrounding the IOC’s decision to restore Jim Thorpe’s medals. Also discusses the controversy of the town of Jim Thorpe and his daughter Charlotte’s movement to have her father’s body removed to Oklahoma. Gives the viewpoints of Al Weiskner and John Boyle.

CI 1-2 “Jim Thorpe’s Family Feud” by Dave Anderson. New York Times. Monday, February 7, 1983.
Discusses the family controversy that has developed now that Thorpe’s medals have been returned to his family. The major controversy is between Thorpe’s daughter Charlotte, who claims she did most of the work, and the rest of the family. Charlotte wants the metals to go to the Olympic Hall of Fame, but her sister Grace wants the metals kept as part of the James Thorpe estate and loaned out.

CI 1-3 “Son of Famed Indian is Back Here After 28 Years” Evening Sentinel. Tuesday, January 17, 1950.
Gives a background of S/Sgt. Robertson Denny, son of Wallace Denny and Nellie Robertson Denny. Wallace Denny was a track star with Jim Thorpe and went on to serve as “Pop” Warner’s assistant both at the Indian school and his later posts. Nellie Robertson Denny worked for the Indian School and frequently traveled West to recruit students. The younger Denny was born at the Indian School in 1912 and gives his remembrances of what the school looked like as he viewed the Barracks now. Denny was visited by Mrs. Edward Whistler, who taught music at the Indian school and was Denny’s first teacher. Denny also received a visit from William C. Shambaugh who was the Indian school blacksmith. Gives a brief review of Denny’s life including his musical exploits and military career.

CI 1-3 “Musty Archives Come Alive in Book: Dickinson Coach Revives Glory of Carlisle Indians” by Jerry Cohen. Sunday Patriot News, Harrisburg, Pa. May 27, 1951.
John S. Steckbeck wrote a book, The Fabulous Redmen, about the Carlisle Indian school and its football team. Gives a background on Steckbeck and his interest in the subject. The article briefly outlines the development of the football program from its beginnings with Vance McCormick through its heyday with Glenn “Pop” Warner. Other coaches mentioned are W.O. Hickok, William Bull, and Johnny Hall. Provides some statistics about the football program. Players mentioned with some comment are Pete Houser, Albert Exendine, and Frank Mt. Pleasant. Opponents mentioned are Syracuse, Susquehanna, Pennsylvania, Harvard, Minnesota, and Chicago. Includes pictures of John S. Steckbeck, Sancil Powell, Hawley Pierce, Nikifer Schoucher, Joe Guyon, and Gus Welch.

CI 1-3 “‘Lone Star’ Dietz, Carlisle Indian Football Great, Dies” The Evening Sentinel. July 23, 1964.
Obituary. Former head football coach at Albright College, Reading, Pa. Discusses his life before Carlisle. Talks about how he came to play for Carlisle. He captioned the team during its illustrious 1911 season and was the teammate of Jim Thorpe. Gives a little information on the 1911 season. Talks about his training in art and marriage to Angel DeCora. Discusses his coaching career after Carlisle as Warner’s assistant. Includes picture of Dietz in his Carlisle football uniform.

CI 1-3 “Chief Bailey Dies in N.Y.: Was Graduated From Indian School Here” The Evening Sentinel. January 15, 1966.
Obituary. Nicodemus Bailey, Carlisle Indian School graduate, played football with Jim Thorpe and also participated in other sports while at Carlisle. Gives an account of his musical accomplishments. Talks about his political activism for the Indians as well as his Masonic connections.

CI 1-3 “Guyon, Star Carlisle Indian School Gridman, To Get Honor” The Evening Sentinel. Tuesday, August 23, 1966.
Joe Guyon, Chippewa, is to be inducted into the National Profession Football Hall of Fame. Gives an account of Guyon’s football career at the Carlisle Indian School where he played alongside Jim Thorpe and Pete Calac under Coach Warner. Guyon went on to play at Georgia Tech then began his professional football career, again with Thorpe and Calac, at Canton and later NY. Gives his views on modern football and a little about his personal life. Recounts an anecdote about an incident involving George Halas during a game with the Chicago Bears.

CI 1-3 “Ed Rogers Reminisces As He Enters Football Hall of Fame” Cass County Independent. Friday, December 6, 1968.
Ed Rogers, half Chippewa, is being named to the Football Hall of Fame at age 92. Discusses Roger’s career as an attorney in Cass County. Gives his reaction to both his nomination and modern football. Discusses his time at Carlisle and later at Minnesota. Also a caption by the author lauding Rogers as an individual.

CI 1-3 “Indian School Star Succumbs” Evening Sentinel. January 1, 1969.
Obituary. Louis Tewamina, Hopi, was a standout track star at the Carlisle Indian School and two time Olympic athlete. Gives a brief account of his athletic career and honors he received. Tewamina returned to the reservation after leaving Carlisle but was honored in 1954 when he was named to the all-time U.S. track and field team. Later he also was inducted in the Arizona Sports Hall of Fame. Gives a few quotes from Tewamina. Information on the circumstances surrounding his death.

CI 1-3 “70-foot Fall Kills Louis Tewanima” Washington Post. January 21, 1969.
Obituary. Louis Tewamina, Hopi, was a standout track star at the Carlisle Indian School and two time Olympic athlete. Gives a brief account of his athletic career and honors he received. Tewamina returned to the reservation after leaving Carlisle but was honored in 1954 when he was named to the all-time U.S. track and field team. Later he also was inducted in the Arizona Sports Hall of Fame. Information on the circumstances surrounding his death.

CI 1-3 “Out of Jim Thorpe Past: Louis Tewamina Former Carlisle Indian School Track Star Dies in Cliff Fall” The Patriot. Tuesday, January 21, 1969.
Obituary. Louis Tewamina, Hopi, was a standout track star at the Carlisle Indian School and two time Olympic athlete. Gives a brief account of his athletic career and honors he received. Tewamina returned to the reservation after leaving Carlisle but was honored in 1954 when he was named to the all-time U.S. track and field team. Later he also was inducted in the Arizona Sports Hall of Fame. Gives a few quotes from Tewamina. Information on the circumstances surrounding his death. Includes photograph of Tewamina.
CI 1-3 Photograph with caption of Gus Welch. Sentinel. January 30, 1970.
Photograph of an elder Gus Welch pointing to his picture on a photograph of the Carlisle Football Team. Caption reads, “Signal-Caller For Indian Team Dies”

CI 1-3 “Redskins and Other Indians” by Arthur Daley. New York Times. December 5, 1971.
In the midst of discussing the Washington Redskin’s football team, the author harkens back the Carlisle Indian’s football team, expressing his wish that video of those great players existed today. Somewhat inspired by Joe Guyon’s recent death. Comments on Guyon and Thorpe. Anecdote about an incident in a game Guyon played in against the Chicago Bears.

CI 1-3 “Time Now Stands Still For Edward L. Rogers; Laid to Rest Tuesday, October 19, 1971” Cass County Independent. October 21, 1971.
Obituary. Edward Rogers attended Carlisle Indian School and played football there for six years. Briefly discusses his later football career at the University of Minnesota and his career as an attorney. Lists his surviving relatives. Includes a tribute that had previously been written about him. Picture included.

CI 1-3 “Showdown On Christmas Day” by Moss Hall. San Francisco Sunday Examiner & Chronicle. December 26, 1971.
Very detailed account of the game between the Carlisle Indian School and the University of California at Berkeley. Mentions students Martin Wheelock, Thaddeus Redwater, Hawley Pierce, Bemus Pierce, Frank Hudson, Isaac Seneca, Jonas Metoxen, Frank Mt. Pleasant, as well as Coach Glenn Warner and former school physician Carlos Montezuma. Gives a description of the school uniforms as well as a brief history of the school. Also gives some of Montezuma’s ideas about Indian education. Also includes the words to the team’s victory song. Includes pictures of the Cal team, “Carlisle wedge formation” and “action at mid-field: a sweep play develops.”

CI 1-3 “Roundabout â€˜Sixty Plus’” Sunday Patriot News, Harrisburg, Pa. December 7, 1975.
Roger K. Todd and H. Winey Graybill, both of Carlisle, agree on the account of the incident in which Tewanima arrived at a track meet on City Island after running all the way from Carlisle. Tewanima was not entered into the race but had been preparing himself for the Olympics. Was congratulated by Mayor Royal. Very brief account of his performance in the Olympics.

CI 1-3 “Gridiron Legend, A.A. Exendine Dies” The Tulsa Tribune, Tulsa, OK. January 4, 1973.
Obituary. Albert Andrew Exendine, ¾ Delaware, died after a long battle with emphysema. Exendine had attended the Carlisle Indian school where he had played football and later served as assistant coach to Pop Warner. Recounts his opinion of Thorpe as well as Thorpe’s of him. Discusses his coaching career which took him all over the country, with his most successful stint at Georgetown University. Also discusses his role in the federal Indian service after he retired from coaching. List the various awards and honors he had been given over the years.

CI 1-3 “Long Lance’s Last Stand” by Donald B. Smith. The Canadian Magazine. February 14, 1976.
Long Lance, born Sylvester Long, was a mixed-blooded Indian from North Carolina. He attended the Carlisle Indian School where he tried to pass himself off as a full-blooded Cherokee, although among the Cherokee’s he was not successful. He had been a successful athlete and student while there and it is rumored he beat Jim Thorpe three times in long distance races and helped him train for the Olympics. Long Lance was appointed to West Point but instead chose to enlist in the Canadian military a year before the U.S. entered WWI. Later had a successful journalism career writing about Native Americans among other subjects. He met several notable Indians and was a made a chief himself. He wrote a book which was incorrectly published as his autobiography. He became a popular part of the New York social scene and even starred in a movie. His success came to an end when his brother contacted him because his father was gravely ill. He went to live near his friend Jim Thorpe, who he had been helping to support, in L.A. He committed suicide at age 40.

CI 1-3 “Memories of a Forgotten Olympian” by Edwin McDowell. The Wall Street Journal. Friday, August 11, 1972.
Article about Louis Tewanima who the author had visited a few months before his untimely accidental death. The article recounts how Tewanima came to the Carlisle Indian School and the difficult time the Hopis had adjusting. Discusses his illustrious track career beginning at the Indian School and continuing to the Olympics. Includes accounts of meets against Lafayette and the University of Pennsylvania. Also talks about Jim Thorpe. Discusses Tewanima’s life once he returned to the reservation and his resistance of the assimilationist efforts at Carlisle. Also lists the awards and honors he received during his life.
see The Indian Craftsman, 1909. p. 35. Vol. 1, no. 3. April, 1909.

CI 1-4 Indians in General

CI 1-4 “Confusion in Indian Naming: Hamlin Garland Assigned the Task of Renaming and Systematizing” no source. August 13, 1903.
Discusses the difficulty whites find in Indian naming practices. Says whites find traditional naming practices based on a feature characteristic or deed as uncivilized. But also finds other attempts to bestow Indians with names lacking such as transferring Indian names in similar sounding English names or granting random English names. The problem with the first tactic is that there are not always suitable English names and the problem with the second is that names of famous people are used causing the Indians to be the brunt of many jokes. Doesn’t give a suggestion for a solution.

CI 1-4 “Periling Indians’ Education” by Dean Chavers. Bacone College in Bacone, OK. Tuesday, March 24, 1981.
Discusses tribal community colleges and their financial crisis because the federal government had threatened to withdraw funding. Dean Chavers, president of Bacone College, says that most of the 25 tribal community colleges would close if the funding was withdrawn. Talks about former efforts to educate the Indians but now they want to get an education on their own terms, in their own language. Equates higher education with better jobs. The breaking of treaties which promised the Indians access and money for education. Feels that federal decision makers are insensitive to and unfamiliar with the unique needs of the Indian tribes.

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