CIIS Biographies

Simmons, Gertrude (Zitkala Sa)

Gertrude Simmons was a famous Sioux writer who came to Carlisle to teach.  She lost favor with Pratt, was courted by the New England literary set, left Carlisle and wrote some articles for Harper’s Weekly, and finally – headed back to the reservation to record the stories of the elders before they would be forever lost.

Sioux

Taught for a time at the Carlisle Indian School